Filoviral Immune Evasion Mechanisms
The Filoviridae family of viruses, which includes the genera Ebolavirus (EBOV) and Marburgvirus (MARV), causes severe and often times lethal hemorrhagic fever in humans. Filoviral infections are associated with ineffective innate antiviral responses as a result of virally encoded immune antagonists,...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2011-09-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/3/9/1634/ |
| _version_ | 1819074769741414400 |
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| author | Christopher F. Basler Gaya K. Amarasinghe Craig S. Brown Reed S. Shabman Parameshwaran Ramanan Daisy W. Leung |
| author_facet | Christopher F. Basler Gaya K. Amarasinghe Craig S. Brown Reed S. Shabman Parameshwaran Ramanan Daisy W. Leung |
| author_sort | Christopher F. Basler |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Filoviridae family of viruses, which includes the genera Ebolavirus (EBOV) and Marburgvirus (MARV), causes severe and often times lethal hemorrhagic fever in humans. Filoviral infections are associated with ineffective innate antiviral responses as a result of virally encoded immune antagonists, which render the host incapable of mounting effective innate or adaptive immune responses. The Type I interferon (IFN) response is critical for establishing an antiviral state in the host cell and subsequent activation of the adaptive immune responses. Several filoviral encoded components target Type I IFN responses, and this innate immune suppression is important for viral replication and pathogenesis. For example, EBOV VP35 inhibits the phosphorylation of IRF-3/7 by the TBK-1/IKKε kinases in addition to sequestering viral RNA from detection by RIG-I like receptors. MARV VP40 inhibits STAT1/2 phosphorylation by inhibiting the JAK family kinases. EBOV VP24 inhibits nuclear translocation of activated STAT1 by karyopherin-α. The examples also represent distinct mechanisms utilized by filoviral proteins in order to counter immune responses, which results in limited IFN-α/β production and downstream signaling. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T18:14:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2683e161662c4ff1aa7b5cba0cc1d17a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T18:14:47Z |
| publishDate | 2011-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-2683e161662c4ff1aa7b5cba0cc1d17a2022-12-21T18:54:42ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152011-09-01391634164910.3390/v3091634Filoviral Immune Evasion MechanismsChristopher F. BaslerGaya K. AmarasingheCraig S. BrownReed S. ShabmanParameshwaran RamananDaisy W. LeungThe Filoviridae family of viruses, which includes the genera Ebolavirus (EBOV) and Marburgvirus (MARV), causes severe and often times lethal hemorrhagic fever in humans. Filoviral infections are associated with ineffective innate antiviral responses as a result of virally encoded immune antagonists, which render the host incapable of mounting effective innate or adaptive immune responses. The Type I interferon (IFN) response is critical for establishing an antiviral state in the host cell and subsequent activation of the adaptive immune responses. Several filoviral encoded components target Type I IFN responses, and this innate immune suppression is important for viral replication and pathogenesis. For example, EBOV VP35 inhibits the phosphorylation of IRF-3/7 by the TBK-1/IKKε kinases in addition to sequestering viral RNA from detection by RIG-I like receptors. MARV VP40 inhibits STAT1/2 phosphorylation by inhibiting the JAK family kinases. EBOV VP24 inhibits nuclear translocation of activated STAT1 by karyopherin-α. The examples also represent distinct mechanisms utilized by filoviral proteins in order to counter immune responses, which results in limited IFN-α/β production and downstream signaling.http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/3/9/1634/EbolavirusMarburgvirusIFN antagonistinnate immune evasion |
| spellingShingle | Christopher F. Basler Gaya K. Amarasinghe Craig S. Brown Reed S. Shabman Parameshwaran Ramanan Daisy W. Leung Filoviral Immune Evasion Mechanisms Viruses Ebolavirus Marburgvirus IFN antagonist innate immune evasion |
| title | Filoviral Immune Evasion Mechanisms |
| title_full | Filoviral Immune Evasion Mechanisms |
| title_fullStr | Filoviral Immune Evasion Mechanisms |
| title_full_unstemmed | Filoviral Immune Evasion Mechanisms |
| title_short | Filoviral Immune Evasion Mechanisms |
| title_sort | filoviral immune evasion mechanisms |
| topic | Ebolavirus Marburgvirus IFN antagonist innate immune evasion |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/3/9/1634/ |
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