Proteomics in Deaths by Drowning: Diagnostic Efficacy of Apolipoprotein A1 and α-1 Antitrypsin, Pilot Study
Drowning is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The pathophysiology of drowning is complex and, sometimes, interpretation of the circumstances of death in the autopsy becomes the main source of information in its diagnosis. New advances in medical research, such as proteomics, especially i...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-09-01
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| Series: | Diagnostics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/10/10/747 |
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| author | Diana Hernández-Romero Encarnación Sánchez-Rodríguez Eduardo Osuna Agustín Sibón Miriam Martínez-Villanueva José A. Noguera-Velasco María D. Pérez-Cárceles |
| author_facet | Diana Hernández-Romero Encarnación Sánchez-Rodríguez Eduardo Osuna Agustín Sibón Miriam Martínez-Villanueva José A. Noguera-Velasco María D. Pérez-Cárceles |
| author_sort | Diana Hernández-Romero |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Drowning is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The pathophysiology of drowning is complex and, sometimes, interpretation of the circumstances of death in the autopsy becomes the main source of information in its diagnosis. New advances in medical research, such as proteomics, especially in forensic pathology, are still in the development. We proposed to investigate the application of Mass Spectrometry-based technologies, to identify differentially expressed proteins that may act as potential biomarkers in the postmortem diagnosis of drowning. We performed a pilot proteomic experiment with the inclusion of two drowned and two control forensic cases. After applying restrictive parameters, we identified apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) and α-1 antitrypsin as differentially expressed between the two diagnostic groups. A validation experiment, with the determination of both proteins in 25 forensic cases (16 drowned and 9 controls) was performed, and we corroborated ApoA1 higher values in the drowning group, whereas α-1 antitrypsin showed lower levels. After adjusting by confounder factors, both remained as predictive independent factors for diagnosis of drowning (<i>p</i> = 0.010 and <i>p</i> = 0.022, respectively). We constructed ROC curves for biomarkers’ levels attending at the origin of death and established an ApoA1 cut-off point of 100 mg/dL. Correct classification based on the diagnosis criteria was reached for 73.9% of the cases in a discriminant analysis. We propose apolipoprotein A1 (with our cutoff value for correct classification) and α-1 antitrypsin as valuable biomarkers of drowning. Our study, based on forensic cases, reveals our proteomic approach as a new complementary tool in the forensic diagnosis of drowning and, perhaps, in clinical future implications in drowned patients. However, this is a pilot approach, and future studies are necessary to consolidate our promising preliminary data. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:04:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-268608e873154acba05b321611779f12 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4418 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:04:26Z |
| publishDate | 2020-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Diagnostics |
| spelling | doaj.art-268608e873154acba05b321611779f122023-11-20T15:01:26ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182020-09-01101074710.3390/diagnostics10100747Proteomics in Deaths by Drowning: Diagnostic Efficacy of Apolipoprotein A1 and α-1 Antitrypsin, Pilot StudyDiana Hernández-Romero0Encarnación Sánchez-Rodríguez1Eduardo Osuna2Agustín Sibón3Miriam Martínez-Villanueva4José A. Noguera-Velasco5María D. Pérez-Cárceles6Department of Legal and Forensic Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute (IMIB), Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, SpainInstitute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Science, 11071 Cádiz, SpainDepartment of Legal and Forensic Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute (IMIB), Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, SpainInstitute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Science, 11071 Cádiz, SpainClinical Analysis Service, Hospital University “Virgen de la Arrixaca”, 30100 Murcia, SpainClinical Analysis Service, Hospital University “Virgen de la Arrixaca”, 30100 Murcia, SpainDepartment of Legal and Forensic Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute (IMIB), Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, SpainDrowning is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The pathophysiology of drowning is complex and, sometimes, interpretation of the circumstances of death in the autopsy becomes the main source of information in its diagnosis. New advances in medical research, such as proteomics, especially in forensic pathology, are still in the development. We proposed to investigate the application of Mass Spectrometry-based technologies, to identify differentially expressed proteins that may act as potential biomarkers in the postmortem diagnosis of drowning. We performed a pilot proteomic experiment with the inclusion of two drowned and two control forensic cases. After applying restrictive parameters, we identified apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) and α-1 antitrypsin as differentially expressed between the two diagnostic groups. A validation experiment, with the determination of both proteins in 25 forensic cases (16 drowned and 9 controls) was performed, and we corroborated ApoA1 higher values in the drowning group, whereas α-1 antitrypsin showed lower levels. After adjusting by confounder factors, both remained as predictive independent factors for diagnosis of drowning (<i>p</i> = 0.010 and <i>p</i> = 0.022, respectively). We constructed ROC curves for biomarkers’ levels attending at the origin of death and established an ApoA1 cut-off point of 100 mg/dL. Correct classification based on the diagnosis criteria was reached for 73.9% of the cases in a discriminant analysis. We propose apolipoprotein A1 (with our cutoff value for correct classification) and α-1 antitrypsin as valuable biomarkers of drowning. Our study, based on forensic cases, reveals our proteomic approach as a new complementary tool in the forensic diagnosis of drowning and, perhaps, in clinical future implications in drowned patients. However, this is a pilot approach, and future studies are necessary to consolidate our promising preliminary data.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/10/10/747proteomicsdrowningforensic diagnosisapolipoprotein A1α-1 antitrypsin |
| spellingShingle | Diana Hernández-Romero Encarnación Sánchez-Rodríguez Eduardo Osuna Agustín Sibón Miriam Martínez-Villanueva José A. Noguera-Velasco María D. Pérez-Cárceles Proteomics in Deaths by Drowning: Diagnostic Efficacy of Apolipoprotein A1 and α-1 Antitrypsin, Pilot Study Diagnostics proteomics drowning forensic diagnosis apolipoprotein A1 α-1 antitrypsin |
| title | Proteomics in Deaths by Drowning: Diagnostic Efficacy of Apolipoprotein A1 and α-1 Antitrypsin, Pilot Study |
| title_full | Proteomics in Deaths by Drowning: Diagnostic Efficacy of Apolipoprotein A1 and α-1 Antitrypsin, Pilot Study |
| title_fullStr | Proteomics in Deaths by Drowning: Diagnostic Efficacy of Apolipoprotein A1 and α-1 Antitrypsin, Pilot Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Proteomics in Deaths by Drowning: Diagnostic Efficacy of Apolipoprotein A1 and α-1 Antitrypsin, Pilot Study |
| title_short | Proteomics in Deaths by Drowning: Diagnostic Efficacy of Apolipoprotein A1 and α-1 Antitrypsin, Pilot Study |
| title_sort | proteomics in deaths by drowning diagnostic efficacy of apolipoprotein a1 and α 1 antitrypsin pilot study |
| topic | proteomics drowning forensic diagnosis apolipoprotein A1 α-1 antitrypsin |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/10/10/747 |
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