Urbanization, environmental stabilization and temporal persistence of bird species: a view from Latin America
Background A scarcely studied consequence of urbanization is the effect of temporal stabilization of the environment on bird communities. This alteration is thought to dampen environmental variations between day and night, seasons and years, promoting a temporal persistence of bird composition in ur...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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PeerJ Inc.
2018-12-01
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| Series: | PeerJ |
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| Online Access: | https://peerj.com/articles/6056.pdf |
| _version_ | 1827606136494227456 |
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| author | Lucas Matías Leveau |
| author_facet | Lucas Matías Leveau |
| author_sort | Lucas Matías Leveau |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background A scarcely studied consequence of urbanization is the effect of temporal stabilization of the environment on bird communities. This alteration is thought to dampen environmental variations between day and night, seasons and years, promoting a temporal persistence of bird composition in urban areas. The aim of this study was to review current evidence of temporal stabilization of biotic and abiotic factors in urban environments and the potential effects of such stabilization on temporal variation of bird species presence at different temporal scales. Methods I selected the literature by searching published articles and book chapters using Scopus and Google scholar. I only included articles that compared the temporal variation of bird composition or resources between different levels of urbanization. Results In general, there is evidence of temporal stabilization of abiotic and biotic factors at the three time scales considered. At the diurnal scale, the main factor considered was artificial light in the context of light pollution. At the seasonal and interannual scales, several case studies found a smaller temporal variation of primary productivity in urban than in natural and rural areas. Bird species composition showed more stabilization in urban environments at the three temporal scales: (1) several case studies reported bird activity at night, associated with artificial light; (2) studies in urban parks and along urbanization gradients showed smaller seasonal variation of bird composition in the more urbanized areas; and (3) in general, case studies along urbanization gradients showed smaller interannual variation of bird composition in the more urbanized areas, although some studies showed no relationships or opposite trends than expected. Discussion The published evidence suggests that urban areas dampen the natural cycles at several temporal scales. The stabilization of biotic and abiotic factors, such as light, temperature, food and habitat structure, is desynchronized from natural diurnal, seasonal and interannual cycles. However, there is a dearth of long-term comparisons of bird composition and studies that simultaneously analyze the relationship between resources and bird composition stabilization at the seasonal and interannual scales. More research is needed in the Southern hemisphere, where there is a lack of studies dealing with the seasonal and interannual variations of primary productivity along urbanization gradients and nocturnal activity of bird species. A future research agenda should include differentiation of spatial and temporal homogenization of avifaunas. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:33:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2688ba3c2a8a46b7b6a6d666ec33cf66 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2167-8359 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:33:46Z |
| publishDate | 2018-12-01 |
| publisher | PeerJ Inc. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PeerJ |
| spelling | doaj.art-2688ba3c2a8a46b7b6a6d666ec33cf662023-12-03T11:01:12ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592018-12-016e605610.7717/peerj.6056Urbanization, environmental stabilization and temporal persistence of bird species: a view from Latin AmericaLucas Matías Leveau0Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires—IEGEBA (CONICET-UBA), Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, ArgentinaBackground A scarcely studied consequence of urbanization is the effect of temporal stabilization of the environment on bird communities. This alteration is thought to dampen environmental variations between day and night, seasons and years, promoting a temporal persistence of bird composition in urban areas. The aim of this study was to review current evidence of temporal stabilization of biotic and abiotic factors in urban environments and the potential effects of such stabilization on temporal variation of bird species presence at different temporal scales. Methods I selected the literature by searching published articles and book chapters using Scopus and Google scholar. I only included articles that compared the temporal variation of bird composition or resources between different levels of urbanization. Results In general, there is evidence of temporal stabilization of abiotic and biotic factors at the three time scales considered. At the diurnal scale, the main factor considered was artificial light in the context of light pollution. At the seasonal and interannual scales, several case studies found a smaller temporal variation of primary productivity in urban than in natural and rural areas. Bird species composition showed more stabilization in urban environments at the three temporal scales: (1) several case studies reported bird activity at night, associated with artificial light; (2) studies in urban parks and along urbanization gradients showed smaller seasonal variation of bird composition in the more urbanized areas; and (3) in general, case studies along urbanization gradients showed smaller interannual variation of bird composition in the more urbanized areas, although some studies showed no relationships or opposite trends than expected. Discussion The published evidence suggests that urban areas dampen the natural cycles at several temporal scales. The stabilization of biotic and abiotic factors, such as light, temperature, food and habitat structure, is desynchronized from natural diurnal, seasonal and interannual cycles. However, there is a dearth of long-term comparisons of bird composition and studies that simultaneously analyze the relationship between resources and bird composition stabilization at the seasonal and interannual scales. More research is needed in the Southern hemisphere, where there is a lack of studies dealing with the seasonal and interannual variations of primary productivity along urbanization gradients and nocturnal activity of bird species. A future research agenda should include differentiation of spatial and temporal homogenization of avifaunas.https://peerj.com/articles/6056.pdfBirdsHabitat structureDiurnalStabilitySeasonalTemporal homogenization |
| spellingShingle | Lucas Matías Leveau Urbanization, environmental stabilization and temporal persistence of bird species: a view from Latin America PeerJ Birds Habitat structure Diurnal Stability Seasonal Temporal homogenization |
| title | Urbanization, environmental stabilization and temporal persistence of bird species: a view from Latin America |
| title_full | Urbanization, environmental stabilization and temporal persistence of bird species: a view from Latin America |
| title_fullStr | Urbanization, environmental stabilization and temporal persistence of bird species: a view from Latin America |
| title_full_unstemmed | Urbanization, environmental stabilization and temporal persistence of bird species: a view from Latin America |
| title_short | Urbanization, environmental stabilization and temporal persistence of bird species: a view from Latin America |
| title_sort | urbanization environmental stabilization and temporal persistence of bird species a view from latin america |
| topic | Birds Habitat structure Diurnal Stability Seasonal Temporal homogenization |
| url | https://peerj.com/articles/6056.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT lucasmatiasleveau urbanizationenvironmentalstabilizationandtemporalpersistenceofbirdspeciesaviewfromlatinamerica |