A challenge to the ancient origin of SIVagm based on African green monkey mitochondrial genomes.
While the circumstances surrounding the origin and spread of HIV are becoming clearer, the particulars of the origin of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) are still unknown. Specifically, the age of SIV, whether it is an ancient or recent infection, has not been resolved. Although many instances of...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2007-07-01
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| Series: | PLoS Pathogens |
| Online Access: | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC1904472?pdf=render |
| _version_ | 1818033637171396608 |
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| author | Joel O Wertheim Michael Worobey |
| author_facet | Joel O Wertheim Michael Worobey |
| author_sort | Joel O Wertheim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | While the circumstances surrounding the origin and spread of HIV are becoming clearer, the particulars of the origin of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) are still unknown. Specifically, the age of SIV, whether it is an ancient or recent infection, has not been resolved. Although many instances of cross-species transmission of SIV have been documented, the similarity between the African green monkey (AGM) and SIVagm phylogenies has long been held as suggestive of ancient codivergence between SIVs and their primate hosts. Here, we present well-resolved phylogenies based on full-length AGM mitochondrial genomes and seven previously published SIVagm genomes; these allowed us to perform the first rigorous phylogenetic test to our knowledge of the hypothesis that SIVagm codiverged with the AGMs. Using the Shimodaira-Hasegawa test, we show that the AGM mitochondrial genomes and SIVagm did not evolve along the same topology. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the SIVagm topology can be explained by a pattern of west-to-east transmission of the virus across existing AGM geographic ranges. Using a relaxed molecular clock, we also provide a date for the most recent common ancestor of the AGMs at approximately 3 million years ago. This study substantially weakens the theory of ancient SIV infection followed by codivergence with its primate hosts. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T06:26:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2688e548a6f24913bdaa0f8c7de4cfc2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1553-7366 1553-7374 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T06:26:26Z |
| publishDate | 2007-07-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-2688e548a6f24913bdaa0f8c7de4cfc22022-12-22T01:59:12ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Pathogens1553-73661553-73742007-07-0137e9510.1371/journal.ppat.0030095A challenge to the ancient origin of SIVagm based on African green monkey mitochondrial genomes.Joel O WertheimMichael WorobeyWhile the circumstances surrounding the origin and spread of HIV are becoming clearer, the particulars of the origin of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) are still unknown. Specifically, the age of SIV, whether it is an ancient or recent infection, has not been resolved. Although many instances of cross-species transmission of SIV have been documented, the similarity between the African green monkey (AGM) and SIVagm phylogenies has long been held as suggestive of ancient codivergence between SIVs and their primate hosts. Here, we present well-resolved phylogenies based on full-length AGM mitochondrial genomes and seven previously published SIVagm genomes; these allowed us to perform the first rigorous phylogenetic test to our knowledge of the hypothesis that SIVagm codiverged with the AGMs. Using the Shimodaira-Hasegawa test, we show that the AGM mitochondrial genomes and SIVagm did not evolve along the same topology. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the SIVagm topology can be explained by a pattern of west-to-east transmission of the virus across existing AGM geographic ranges. Using a relaxed molecular clock, we also provide a date for the most recent common ancestor of the AGMs at approximately 3 million years ago. This study substantially weakens the theory of ancient SIV infection followed by codivergence with its primate hosts.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC1904472?pdf=render |
| spellingShingle | Joel O Wertheim Michael Worobey A challenge to the ancient origin of SIVagm based on African green monkey mitochondrial genomes. PLoS Pathogens |
| title | A challenge to the ancient origin of SIVagm based on African green monkey mitochondrial genomes. |
| title_full | A challenge to the ancient origin of SIVagm based on African green monkey mitochondrial genomes. |
| title_fullStr | A challenge to the ancient origin of SIVagm based on African green monkey mitochondrial genomes. |
| title_full_unstemmed | A challenge to the ancient origin of SIVagm based on African green monkey mitochondrial genomes. |
| title_short | A challenge to the ancient origin of SIVagm based on African green monkey mitochondrial genomes. |
| title_sort | challenge to the ancient origin of sivagm based on african green monkey mitochondrial genomes |
| url | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC1904472?pdf=render |
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