Re‐evaluation of glutamic acid (E 620), sodium glutamate (E 621), potassium glutamate (E 622), calcium glutamate (E 623), ammonium glutamate (E 624) and magnesium glutamate (E 625) as food additives
Abstract The EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS) provides a scientific opinion re‐evaluating the safety of glutamic acid–glutamates (E 620–625) when used as food additives. Glutamate is absorbed in the intestine and it is presystemically metabolised in the gut wall....
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2017-07-01
|
| Series: | EFSA Journal |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4910 |
| _version_ | 1819364519932067840 |
|---|---|
| author | EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS) Alicja Mortensen Fernando Aguilar Riccardo Crebelli Alessandro Di Domenico Birgit Dusemund Maria Jose Frutos Pierre Galtier David Gott Ursula Gundert‐Remy Jean‐Charles Leblanc Oliver Lindtner Peter Moldeus Pasquale Mosesso Dominique Parent‐Massin Agneta Oskarsson Ivan Stankovic Ine Waalkens‐Berendsen Rudolf Antonius Woutersen Matthew Wright Maged Younes Polly Boon Dimitrios Chrysafidis Rainer Gürtler Paul Tobback Andrea Altieri Ana Maria Rincon Claude Lambré |
| author_facet | EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS) Alicja Mortensen Fernando Aguilar Riccardo Crebelli Alessandro Di Domenico Birgit Dusemund Maria Jose Frutos Pierre Galtier David Gott Ursula Gundert‐Remy Jean‐Charles Leblanc Oliver Lindtner Peter Moldeus Pasquale Mosesso Dominique Parent‐Massin Agneta Oskarsson Ivan Stankovic Ine Waalkens‐Berendsen Rudolf Antonius Woutersen Matthew Wright Maged Younes Polly Boon Dimitrios Chrysafidis Rainer Gürtler Paul Tobback Andrea Altieri Ana Maria Rincon Claude Lambré |
| author_sort | EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS) |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS) provides a scientific opinion re‐evaluating the safety of glutamic acid–glutamates (E 620–625) when used as food additives. Glutamate is absorbed in the intestine and it is presystemically metabolised in the gut wall. No adverse effects were observed in the available short‐term, subchronic, chronic, reproductive and developmental studies. The only effect observed was increased kidney weight and increased spleen weight; however, the increase in organ weight was not accompanied by adverse histopathological findings and, therefore, the increase in organ weight was not considered as an adverse effect. The Panel considered that glutamic acid–glutamates (E 620–625) did not raise concern with regards to genotoxicity. From a neurodevelopmental toxicity study, a no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of 3,200 mg monosodium glutamate/kg body weight (bw) per day could be identified. The Panel assessed the suitability of human data to be used for the derivation of a health‐based guidance value. Although effects on humans were identified human data were not suitable due to the lack of dose–response data from which a dose without effect could be identified. Based on the NOAEL of 3,200 mg monosodium glutamate/kg bw per day from the neurodevelopmental toxicity study and applying the default uncertainty factor of 100, the Panel derived a group acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 30 mg/kg bw per day, expressed as glutamic acid, for glutamic acid and glutamates (E 620–625). The Panel noted that the exposure to glutamic acid and glutamates (E 620–625) exceeded not only the proposed ADI, but also doses associated with adverse effects in humans for some population groups. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-24T23:00:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-268f8ecb4b4043bfad2ef1e36ca0f383 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1831-4732 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-24T23:00:14Z |
| publishDate | 2017-07-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | EFSA Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-268f8ecb4b4043bfad2ef1e36ca0f3832022-12-21T16:35:09ZengWileyEFSA Journal1831-47322017-07-01157n/an/a10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4910Re‐evaluation of glutamic acid (E 620), sodium glutamate (E 621), potassium glutamate (E 622), calcium glutamate (E 623), ammonium glutamate (E 624) and magnesium glutamate (E 625) as food additivesEFSA Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS)Alicja MortensenFernando AguilarRiccardo CrebelliAlessandro Di DomenicoBirgit DusemundMaria Jose FrutosPierre GaltierDavid GottUrsula Gundert‐RemyJean‐Charles LeblancOliver LindtnerPeter MoldeusPasquale MosessoDominique Parent‐MassinAgneta OskarssonIvan StankovicIne Waalkens‐BerendsenRudolf Antonius WoutersenMatthew WrightMaged YounesPolly BoonDimitrios ChrysafidisRainer GürtlerPaul TobbackAndrea AltieriAna Maria RinconClaude LambréAbstract The EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS) provides a scientific opinion re‐evaluating the safety of glutamic acid–glutamates (E 620–625) when used as food additives. Glutamate is absorbed in the intestine and it is presystemically metabolised in the gut wall. No adverse effects were observed in the available short‐term, subchronic, chronic, reproductive and developmental studies. The only effect observed was increased kidney weight and increased spleen weight; however, the increase in organ weight was not accompanied by adverse histopathological findings and, therefore, the increase in organ weight was not considered as an adverse effect. The Panel considered that glutamic acid–glutamates (E 620–625) did not raise concern with regards to genotoxicity. From a neurodevelopmental toxicity study, a no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of 3,200 mg monosodium glutamate/kg body weight (bw) per day could be identified. The Panel assessed the suitability of human data to be used for the derivation of a health‐based guidance value. Although effects on humans were identified human data were not suitable due to the lack of dose–response data from which a dose without effect could be identified. Based on the NOAEL of 3,200 mg monosodium glutamate/kg bw per day from the neurodevelopmental toxicity study and applying the default uncertainty factor of 100, the Panel derived a group acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 30 mg/kg bw per day, expressed as glutamic acid, for glutamic acid and glutamates (E 620–625). The Panel noted that the exposure to glutamic acid and glutamates (E 620–625) exceeded not only the proposed ADI, but also doses associated with adverse effects in humans for some population groups.https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4910glutamic acidE 620sodium glutamateE 621potassium glutamateE 622 |
| spellingShingle | EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS) Alicja Mortensen Fernando Aguilar Riccardo Crebelli Alessandro Di Domenico Birgit Dusemund Maria Jose Frutos Pierre Galtier David Gott Ursula Gundert‐Remy Jean‐Charles Leblanc Oliver Lindtner Peter Moldeus Pasquale Mosesso Dominique Parent‐Massin Agneta Oskarsson Ivan Stankovic Ine Waalkens‐Berendsen Rudolf Antonius Woutersen Matthew Wright Maged Younes Polly Boon Dimitrios Chrysafidis Rainer Gürtler Paul Tobback Andrea Altieri Ana Maria Rincon Claude Lambré Re‐evaluation of glutamic acid (E 620), sodium glutamate (E 621), potassium glutamate (E 622), calcium glutamate (E 623), ammonium glutamate (E 624) and magnesium glutamate (E 625) as food additives EFSA Journal glutamic acid E 620 sodium glutamate E 621 potassium glutamate E 622 |
| title | Re‐evaluation of glutamic acid (E 620), sodium glutamate (E 621), potassium glutamate (E 622), calcium glutamate (E 623), ammonium glutamate (E 624) and magnesium glutamate (E 625) as food additives |
| title_full | Re‐evaluation of glutamic acid (E 620), sodium glutamate (E 621), potassium glutamate (E 622), calcium glutamate (E 623), ammonium glutamate (E 624) and magnesium glutamate (E 625) as food additives |
| title_fullStr | Re‐evaluation of glutamic acid (E 620), sodium glutamate (E 621), potassium glutamate (E 622), calcium glutamate (E 623), ammonium glutamate (E 624) and magnesium glutamate (E 625) as food additives |
| title_full_unstemmed | Re‐evaluation of glutamic acid (E 620), sodium glutamate (E 621), potassium glutamate (E 622), calcium glutamate (E 623), ammonium glutamate (E 624) and magnesium glutamate (E 625) as food additives |
| title_short | Re‐evaluation of glutamic acid (E 620), sodium glutamate (E 621), potassium glutamate (E 622), calcium glutamate (E 623), ammonium glutamate (E 624) and magnesium glutamate (E 625) as food additives |
| title_sort | re evaluation of glutamic acid e 620 sodium glutamate e 621 potassium glutamate e 622 calcium glutamate e 623 ammonium glutamate e 624 and magnesium glutamate e 625 as food additives |
| topic | glutamic acid E 620 sodium glutamate E 621 potassium glutamate E 622 |
| url | https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4910 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT efsapanelonfoodadditivesandnutrientsourcesaddedtofoodans reevaluationofglutamicacide620sodiumglutamatee621potassiumglutamatee622calciumglutamatee623ammoniumglutamatee624andmagnesiumglutamatee625asfoodadditives AT alicjamortensen reevaluationofglutamicacide620sodiumglutamatee621potassiumglutamatee622calciumglutamatee623ammoniumglutamatee624andmagnesiumglutamatee625asfoodadditives AT fernandoaguilar reevaluationofglutamicacide620sodiumglutamatee621potassiumglutamatee622calciumglutamatee623ammoniumglutamatee624andmagnesiumglutamatee625asfoodadditives AT riccardocrebelli reevaluationofglutamicacide620sodiumglutamatee621potassiumglutamatee622calciumglutamatee623ammoniumglutamatee624andmagnesiumglutamatee625asfoodadditives AT alessandrodidomenico reevaluationofglutamicacide620sodiumglutamatee621potassiumglutamatee622calciumglutamatee623ammoniumglutamatee624andmagnesiumglutamatee625asfoodadditives AT birgitdusemund reevaluationofglutamicacide620sodiumglutamatee621potassiumglutamatee622calciumglutamatee623ammoniumglutamatee624andmagnesiumglutamatee625asfoodadditives AT mariajosefrutos reevaluationofglutamicacide620sodiumglutamatee621potassiumglutamatee622calciumglutamatee623ammoniumglutamatee624andmagnesiumglutamatee625asfoodadditives AT pierregaltier reevaluationofglutamicacide620sodiumglutamatee621potassiumglutamatee622calciumglutamatee623ammoniumglutamatee624andmagnesiumglutamatee625asfoodadditives AT davidgott reevaluationofglutamicacide620sodiumglutamatee621potassiumglutamatee622calciumglutamatee623ammoniumglutamatee624andmagnesiumglutamatee625asfoodadditives AT ursulagundertremy reevaluationofglutamicacide620sodiumglutamatee621potassiumglutamatee622calciumglutamatee623ammoniumglutamatee624andmagnesiumglutamatee625asfoodadditives AT jeancharlesleblanc reevaluationofglutamicacide620sodiumglutamatee621potassiumglutamatee622calciumglutamatee623ammoniumglutamatee624andmagnesiumglutamatee625asfoodadditives AT oliverlindtner reevaluationofglutamicacide620sodiumglutamatee621potassiumglutamatee622calciumglutamatee623ammoniumglutamatee624andmagnesiumglutamatee625asfoodadditives AT petermoldeus reevaluationofglutamicacide620sodiumglutamatee621potassiumglutamatee622calciumglutamatee623ammoniumglutamatee624andmagnesiumglutamatee625asfoodadditives AT pasqualemosesso reevaluationofglutamicacide620sodiumglutamatee621potassiumglutamatee622calciumglutamatee623ammoniumglutamatee624andmagnesiumglutamatee625asfoodadditives AT dominiqueparentmassin reevaluationofglutamicacide620sodiumglutamatee621potassiumglutamatee622calciumglutamatee623ammoniumglutamatee624andmagnesiumglutamatee625asfoodadditives AT agnetaoskarsson reevaluationofglutamicacide620sodiumglutamatee621potassiumglutamatee622calciumglutamatee623ammoniumglutamatee624andmagnesiumglutamatee625asfoodadditives AT ivanstankovic reevaluationofglutamicacide620sodiumglutamatee621potassiumglutamatee622calciumglutamatee623ammoniumglutamatee624andmagnesiumglutamatee625asfoodadditives AT inewaalkensberendsen reevaluationofglutamicacide620sodiumglutamatee621potassiumglutamatee622calciumglutamatee623ammoniumglutamatee624andmagnesiumglutamatee625asfoodadditives AT rudolfantoniuswoutersen reevaluationofglutamicacide620sodiumglutamatee621potassiumglutamatee622calciumglutamatee623ammoniumglutamatee624andmagnesiumglutamatee625asfoodadditives AT matthewwright reevaluationofglutamicacide620sodiumglutamatee621potassiumglutamatee622calciumglutamatee623ammoniumglutamatee624andmagnesiumglutamatee625asfoodadditives AT magedyounes reevaluationofglutamicacide620sodiumglutamatee621potassiumglutamatee622calciumglutamatee623ammoniumglutamatee624andmagnesiumglutamatee625asfoodadditives AT pollyboon reevaluationofglutamicacide620sodiumglutamatee621potassiumglutamatee622calciumglutamatee623ammoniumglutamatee624andmagnesiumglutamatee625asfoodadditives AT dimitrioschrysafidis reevaluationofglutamicacide620sodiumglutamatee621potassiumglutamatee622calciumglutamatee623ammoniumglutamatee624andmagnesiumglutamatee625asfoodadditives AT rainergurtler reevaluationofglutamicacide620sodiumglutamatee621potassiumglutamatee622calciumglutamatee623ammoniumglutamatee624andmagnesiumglutamatee625asfoodadditives AT paultobback reevaluationofglutamicacide620sodiumglutamatee621potassiumglutamatee622calciumglutamatee623ammoniumglutamatee624andmagnesiumglutamatee625asfoodadditives AT andreaaltieri reevaluationofglutamicacide620sodiumglutamatee621potassiumglutamatee622calciumglutamatee623ammoniumglutamatee624andmagnesiumglutamatee625asfoodadditives AT anamariarincon reevaluationofglutamicacide620sodiumglutamatee621potassiumglutamatee622calciumglutamatee623ammoniumglutamatee624andmagnesiumglutamatee625asfoodadditives AT claudelambre reevaluationofglutamicacide620sodiumglutamatee621potassiumglutamatee622calciumglutamatee623ammoniumglutamatee624andmagnesiumglutamatee625asfoodadditives |