The Health Belief Model Applied to COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy: A Systematic Review
This study systematically analyzes the research that used the Health Belief Model (HBM) as a theoretical basis to examine the influence of HBM constructs on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Following PRISMA guidelines, PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Scopus were searched for quantitative stud...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Vaccines |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/6/973 |
| _version_ | 1797481536916815872 |
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| author | Yam B. Limbu Rajesh K. Gautam Long Pham |
| author_facet | Yam B. Limbu Rajesh K. Gautam Long Pham |
| author_sort | Yam B. Limbu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study systematically analyzes the research that used the Health Belief Model (HBM) as a theoretical basis to examine the influence of HBM constructs on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Following PRISMA guidelines, PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Scopus were searched for quantitative studies. Sixteen studies with 30,242 participants met inclusion criteria. The prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy was 33.23% (95% CI 24.71–41.39%). Perceived barriers and perceived benefits were the most common HBM constructs that were significantly associated with vaccine hesitancy. While perceived benefits was inversely associated, a positive association was found between perceived barriers and vaccine hesitancy. Other HBM constructs that were frequently examined and inversely associated were perceived susceptibility, cues to action, perceived severity, and self-efficacy. The most common HBM modifying factor that was directly associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy was gender, followed by education, age, geographical locations, occupation, income, employment, marital status, race, and ethnicity; however, a few studies report inconsistent results. Other modifying variables that influenced vaccine hesitancy were knowledge of COVID-19, prior diagnosis of COVID-19, history of flu vaccination, religion, nationality, and political affiliation. The results show that HBM is useful in predicting COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:16:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-26b7307dd24a4753b928ee45c7994b79 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:16:00Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj.art-26b7307dd24a4753b928ee45c7994b792023-11-23T19:22:19ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2022-06-0110697310.3390/vaccines10060973The Health Belief Model Applied to COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy: A Systematic ReviewYam B. Limbu0Rajesh K. Gautam1Long Pham2Feliciano School of Business, Montclair State University, 1 Normal Ave, Montclair, NJ 07043, USADepartment of Anthropology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar 470003, IndiaDepartment of Decision Sciences and Economics, College of Business, Texas A&M University at Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Drive, Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USAThis study systematically analyzes the research that used the Health Belief Model (HBM) as a theoretical basis to examine the influence of HBM constructs on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Following PRISMA guidelines, PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Scopus were searched for quantitative studies. Sixteen studies with 30,242 participants met inclusion criteria. The prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy was 33.23% (95% CI 24.71–41.39%). Perceived barriers and perceived benefits were the most common HBM constructs that were significantly associated with vaccine hesitancy. While perceived benefits was inversely associated, a positive association was found between perceived barriers and vaccine hesitancy. Other HBM constructs that were frequently examined and inversely associated were perceived susceptibility, cues to action, perceived severity, and self-efficacy. The most common HBM modifying factor that was directly associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy was gender, followed by education, age, geographical locations, occupation, income, employment, marital status, race, and ethnicity; however, a few studies report inconsistent results. Other modifying variables that influenced vaccine hesitancy were knowledge of COVID-19, prior diagnosis of COVID-19, history of flu vaccination, religion, nationality, and political affiliation. The results show that HBM is useful in predicting COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/6/973health belief modelCOVID-19vaccine hesitancysystematic reviewperceived severityperceived susceptibility |
| spellingShingle | Yam B. Limbu Rajesh K. Gautam Long Pham The Health Belief Model Applied to COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy: A Systematic Review Vaccines health belief model COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy systematic review perceived severity perceived susceptibility |
| title | The Health Belief Model Applied to COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy: A Systematic Review |
| title_full | The Health Belief Model Applied to COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy: A Systematic Review |
| title_fullStr | The Health Belief Model Applied to COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy: A Systematic Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Health Belief Model Applied to COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy: A Systematic Review |
| title_short | The Health Belief Model Applied to COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy: A Systematic Review |
| title_sort | health belief model applied to covid 19 vaccine hesitancy a systematic review |
| topic | health belief model COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy systematic review perceived severity perceived susceptibility |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/6/973 |
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