Biological Activity and Component Analyses of <i>Chamaecyparis obtusa</i> Leaf Extract: Evaluation of Antiwrinkle and Cell Protection Effects in UVA-Irradiated Cells
<i>Background and Objectives: Chamaecyparis obtusa (C. obtuse)</i> extract has been used as a folk medicinal remedy in East Asian countries to alleviate inflammation and prevent allergies. Active oxygen causes skin aging and leads to skin cell and tissue damage. Extensive research has be...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Medicina |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/59/4/755 |
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| author | Young-Ah Jang Se-Gie Kim Hye-Kyung Kim Jin-Tae Lee |
| author_facet | Young-Ah Jang Se-Gie Kim Hye-Kyung Kim Jin-Tae Lee |
| author_sort | Young-Ah Jang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Background and Objectives: Chamaecyparis obtusa (C. obtuse)</i> extract has been used as a folk medicinal remedy in East Asian countries to alleviate inflammation and prevent allergies. Active oxygen causes skin aging and leads to skin cell and tissue damage. Extensive research has been conducted to control active oxygen generation to prevent skin aging. We evaluated the antioxidant activity and antiwrinkle effect of <i>C. obtusa</i> extract to determine its potential as a cosmetic material. <i>Materials and Methods:</i> The antioxidant activity of a 70% ethanol extract of <i>C. obtusa</i> (COE 70) and a water extract of <i>C. obtusa</i> (COW) was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazy (DPPH) scavenging, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS<sup>+</sup>) scavenging, superoxide dismutase-like activity, xanthine oxidase inhibition, and ferric-reducing antioxidant power assays. The effective concentration of the extracts was determined using the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay to evaluate their toxicity. The effects of COE 70 on the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and procollagen, and expression of activated cytokines, interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), in UVA-irradiated fibroblasts were determined using quantitative real-time PCR. Additionally, quercitrin, amentoflavone, hinokiflavone, and myricetin concentrations in COE 70 were determined using high-pressure high-performance liquid chromatography. <i>Results</i>: COE 70 had higher polyphenol and flavonoid concentrations than COW and exhibited an excellent antioxidant effect. COE 70 suppressed UVA-induced fibroblast death by 21.3% at 25 µg/mL. It also increased <i>MMP-1</i>, <i>MMP-3</i>, <i>TNF-α</i>, and <i>IL-6</i> mRNA levels at 5–25 µg/mL compared with those in control UVA-irradiated fibroblasts. Moreover, mRNA levels of collagen type I and superoxide dismutase significantly increased, indicating the antiwrinkle and anti-inflammatory effects of the extract. Among the COE 70 components, quercitrin concentration was the highest; hence, quercitrin could be an active ingredient. <i>Conclusions</i>: COE 70 could be used as a natural antioxidant and antiwrinkle agent. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:45:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-26cc820998ef47038ed1fcdc2d478a93 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1010-660X 1648-9144 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:45:26Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Medicina |
| spelling | doaj.art-26cc820998ef47038ed1fcdc2d478a932023-11-17T20:21:36ZengMDPI AGMedicina1010-660X1648-91442023-04-0159475510.3390/medicina59040755Biological Activity and Component Analyses of <i>Chamaecyparis obtusa</i> Leaf Extract: Evaluation of Antiwrinkle and Cell Protection Effects in UVA-Irradiated CellsYoung-Ah Jang0Se-Gie Kim1Hye-Kyung Kim2Jin-Tae Lee3Convergence Research Center for Smart Healthcare of KS R & DB Foundation, Kyungsung University, Busan 48434, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan-si 38430, Republic of KoreaCollege of Pharmacy, Kyungsung University, Busan 48434, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Cosmetic Science, Kyungsung University, Busan 48434, Republic of Korea<i>Background and Objectives: Chamaecyparis obtusa (C. obtuse)</i> extract has been used as a folk medicinal remedy in East Asian countries to alleviate inflammation and prevent allergies. Active oxygen causes skin aging and leads to skin cell and tissue damage. Extensive research has been conducted to control active oxygen generation to prevent skin aging. We evaluated the antioxidant activity and antiwrinkle effect of <i>C. obtusa</i> extract to determine its potential as a cosmetic material. <i>Materials and Methods:</i> The antioxidant activity of a 70% ethanol extract of <i>C. obtusa</i> (COE 70) and a water extract of <i>C. obtusa</i> (COW) was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazy (DPPH) scavenging, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS<sup>+</sup>) scavenging, superoxide dismutase-like activity, xanthine oxidase inhibition, and ferric-reducing antioxidant power assays. The effective concentration of the extracts was determined using the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay to evaluate their toxicity. The effects of COE 70 on the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and procollagen, and expression of activated cytokines, interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), in UVA-irradiated fibroblasts were determined using quantitative real-time PCR. Additionally, quercitrin, amentoflavone, hinokiflavone, and myricetin concentrations in COE 70 were determined using high-pressure high-performance liquid chromatography. <i>Results</i>: COE 70 had higher polyphenol and flavonoid concentrations than COW and exhibited an excellent antioxidant effect. COE 70 suppressed UVA-induced fibroblast death by 21.3% at 25 µg/mL. It also increased <i>MMP-1</i>, <i>MMP-3</i>, <i>TNF-α</i>, and <i>IL-6</i> mRNA levels at 5–25 µg/mL compared with those in control UVA-irradiated fibroblasts. Moreover, mRNA levels of collagen type I and superoxide dismutase significantly increased, indicating the antiwrinkle and anti-inflammatory effects of the extract. Among the COE 70 components, quercitrin concentration was the highest; hence, quercitrin could be an active ingredient. <i>Conclusions</i>: COE 70 could be used as a natural antioxidant and antiwrinkle agent.https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/59/4/755flavonoid<i>Chamaecyparis obtusa</i>antioxidantantiwrinklefibroblastquercitrin |
| spellingShingle | Young-Ah Jang Se-Gie Kim Hye-Kyung Kim Jin-Tae Lee Biological Activity and Component Analyses of <i>Chamaecyparis obtusa</i> Leaf Extract: Evaluation of Antiwrinkle and Cell Protection Effects in UVA-Irradiated Cells Medicina flavonoid <i>Chamaecyparis obtusa</i> antioxidant antiwrinkle fibroblast quercitrin |
| title | Biological Activity and Component Analyses of <i>Chamaecyparis obtusa</i> Leaf Extract: Evaluation of Antiwrinkle and Cell Protection Effects in UVA-Irradiated Cells |
| title_full | Biological Activity and Component Analyses of <i>Chamaecyparis obtusa</i> Leaf Extract: Evaluation of Antiwrinkle and Cell Protection Effects in UVA-Irradiated Cells |
| title_fullStr | Biological Activity and Component Analyses of <i>Chamaecyparis obtusa</i> Leaf Extract: Evaluation of Antiwrinkle and Cell Protection Effects in UVA-Irradiated Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biological Activity and Component Analyses of <i>Chamaecyparis obtusa</i> Leaf Extract: Evaluation of Antiwrinkle and Cell Protection Effects in UVA-Irradiated Cells |
| title_short | Biological Activity and Component Analyses of <i>Chamaecyparis obtusa</i> Leaf Extract: Evaluation of Antiwrinkle and Cell Protection Effects in UVA-Irradiated Cells |
| title_sort | biological activity and component analyses of i chamaecyparis obtusa i leaf extract evaluation of antiwrinkle and cell protection effects in uva irradiated cells |
| topic | flavonoid <i>Chamaecyparis obtusa</i> antioxidant antiwrinkle fibroblast quercitrin |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/59/4/755 |
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