Mechanical Properties and Water Absorption Capacity of Hybrid GFRP Composites
Hybrid glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites have been used for decades in various engineering applications. However, it has a drawback with its application in marine/flood environments due to a lack of water resistance and frail mechanical stability. Floods have been considered one of th...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/7/1394 |
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| author | Wan Hamidon Wan Badaruzzaman Noaman Mohammed Ridha Dabbagh Kushairi Mohd Salleh Esri Nasrullah Saharuddin Nur Fashiha Mat Radzi Mohd Amir Ashraff Azham Shahrul Faizi Abdullah Sani Sarani Zakaria |
| author_facet | Wan Hamidon Wan Badaruzzaman Noaman Mohammed Ridha Dabbagh Kushairi Mohd Salleh Esri Nasrullah Saharuddin Nur Fashiha Mat Radzi Mohd Amir Ashraff Azham Shahrul Faizi Abdullah Sani Sarani Zakaria |
| author_sort | Wan Hamidon Wan Badaruzzaman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Hybrid glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites have been used for decades in various engineering applications. However, it has a drawback with its application in marine/flood environments due to a lack of water resistance and frail mechanical stability. Floods have been considered one of the most periodic hazards that could hit urban areas, due to climate change. The present paper aims to address this gap and to investigate the mechanical properties (tensile, compressive, and flexural strength) and water absorption capacity of hybrid GFRP composite comprising woven E-glass fabric and epoxy resin, various reinforcing materials (kenaf and coconut fibres), and various filler materials (fly ash, nano-silica, and calcium carbonate (CaCO<sub>3</sub>). The composites with 30 wt.% GFRP, 50 wt.% resin, 15 wt.% fly ash, 5 wt.% CaCO<sub>3</sub>, 10 wt.% GFRP, 60 wt.% resin, and 30 wt.% fly ash showed the lowest water absorption property of 0.45%. The results revealed that the GFRP composite reinforced kenaf fibres with nano-silica, fly ash, and CaCO<sub>3</sub> improved the water absorption resistance. At the same time, GFRP reinforced the coconut fibres with fly ash, and kenaf fibres with CaCO<sub>3</sub> showed no favourable impact on water absorption. The identification of a hybrid GFRP composite with various reinforcing materials and fillers would assist future developments with a more compatible, enhanced, and reliable water-resistant composite, specifically for structural applications in flood-prone areas. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:29:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-26cf9968bca64f4eb6182b8c3b07e3cd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:29:15Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-26cf9968bca64f4eb6182b8c3b07e3cd2023-11-30T23:53:50ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602022-03-01147139410.3390/polym14071394Mechanical Properties and Water Absorption Capacity of Hybrid GFRP CompositesWan Hamidon Wan Badaruzzaman0Noaman Mohammed Ridha Dabbagh1Kushairi Mohd Salleh2Esri Nasrullah Saharuddin3Nur Fashiha Mat Radzi4Mohd Amir Ashraff Azham5Shahrul Faizi Abdullah Sani6Sarani Zakaria7Department of Civil Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Civil Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science & Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Civil Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Civil Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Civil Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Civil Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science & Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, MalaysiaHybrid glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites have been used for decades in various engineering applications. However, it has a drawback with its application in marine/flood environments due to a lack of water resistance and frail mechanical stability. Floods have been considered one of the most periodic hazards that could hit urban areas, due to climate change. The present paper aims to address this gap and to investigate the mechanical properties (tensile, compressive, and flexural strength) and water absorption capacity of hybrid GFRP composite comprising woven E-glass fabric and epoxy resin, various reinforcing materials (kenaf and coconut fibres), and various filler materials (fly ash, nano-silica, and calcium carbonate (CaCO<sub>3</sub>). The composites with 30 wt.% GFRP, 50 wt.% resin, 15 wt.% fly ash, 5 wt.% CaCO<sub>3</sub>, 10 wt.% GFRP, 60 wt.% resin, and 30 wt.% fly ash showed the lowest water absorption property of 0.45%. The results revealed that the GFRP composite reinforced kenaf fibres with nano-silica, fly ash, and CaCO<sub>3</sub> improved the water absorption resistance. At the same time, GFRP reinforced the coconut fibres with fly ash, and kenaf fibres with CaCO<sub>3</sub> showed no favourable impact on water absorption. The identification of a hybrid GFRP composite with various reinforcing materials and fillers would assist future developments with a more compatible, enhanced, and reliable water-resistant composite, specifically for structural applications in flood-prone areas.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/7/1394hybrid GFRP compositeskenaf fibrecoconut fibrefly ashnano-silicacalcium carbonate |
| spellingShingle | Wan Hamidon Wan Badaruzzaman Noaman Mohammed Ridha Dabbagh Kushairi Mohd Salleh Esri Nasrullah Saharuddin Nur Fashiha Mat Radzi Mohd Amir Ashraff Azham Shahrul Faizi Abdullah Sani Sarani Zakaria Mechanical Properties and Water Absorption Capacity of Hybrid GFRP Composites Polymers hybrid GFRP composites kenaf fibre coconut fibre fly ash nano-silica calcium carbonate |
| title | Mechanical Properties and Water Absorption Capacity of Hybrid GFRP Composites |
| title_full | Mechanical Properties and Water Absorption Capacity of Hybrid GFRP Composites |
| title_fullStr | Mechanical Properties and Water Absorption Capacity of Hybrid GFRP Composites |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mechanical Properties and Water Absorption Capacity of Hybrid GFRP Composites |
| title_short | Mechanical Properties and Water Absorption Capacity of Hybrid GFRP Composites |
| title_sort | mechanical properties and water absorption capacity of hybrid gfrp composites |
| topic | hybrid GFRP composites kenaf fibre coconut fibre fly ash nano-silica calcium carbonate |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/14/7/1394 |
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