Physiological and biochemical responses of Limonium tetragonum to NaCl concentrations in hydroponic solution
IntroductionLimonium (L.) tetragonum (Thunb.) A. A. Bullock, a halophyte that grows all over the southwest coast of Korea, is a medicinal plant with various pharmacological effects. The salt defense mechanism stimulates the biosynthesis of various secondary metabolites and improves functional substa...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2023.1159625/full |
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| author | Seong-Nam Jang Min-Ji Kang Yun Na Kim Eun Ju Jeong Eun Ju Jeong Kye Man Cho Kye Man Cho Jae Gil Yun Ki-Ho Son Ki-Ho Son |
| author_facet | Seong-Nam Jang Min-Ji Kang Yun Na Kim Eun Ju Jeong Eun Ju Jeong Kye Man Cho Kye Man Cho Jae Gil Yun Ki-Ho Son Ki-Ho Son |
| author_sort | Seong-Nam Jang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionLimonium (L.) tetragonum (Thunb.) A. A. Bullock, a halophyte that grows all over the southwest coast of Korea, is a medicinal plant with various pharmacological effects. The salt defense mechanism stimulates the biosynthesis of various secondary metabolites and improves functional substances. In this study, we investigated the optimal NaCl concentration for the growth and enhancement of secondary metabolites in hydroponically grown L. tetragonum.MethodsThe seedlings grown for 3 weeks in a hydroponic cultivation system were treated with 0-, 25-, 50-, 75-, and 100-mM NaCl in Hoagland’s nutrient solution for 8 weeks. No significant effect on the growth and chlorophyll fluorescence was observed for the NaCl concentrations below 100-mM.Results and discussionsThe increase in the NaCl concentration resulted in the decrease in the water potential of the L. tetragonum leaves. The Na+ content accumulated in the aerial part increased rapidly and the content of K+, which acts as an antagonist, decreased with the increase in NaCl concentrations in hydroponics. The total amino acid content of L. tetragonum decreased compared to the 0-mM NaCl, and most of the amino acid content decreased as the NaCl concentration increased. In contrast, the content of urea, proline (Pro), β-alanine, ornithine, and arginine was increased with an increase in NaCl concentration. The Pro content at 100-mM NaCl accounted for 60% of the total amino acids and was found to be a major osmoregulator as an important component of the salt defense mechanisms. The top five compounds identified in the L. tetragonum were classified as flavonoids while the flavanone compound was detected only in the NaCl treatments. A total of four myricetin glycosides were increased in comparison to the 0-mM NaCl. Among the differentially expressed genes, a significantly large change in Gene ontology was seen in the circadian rhythm. NaCl treatment enhanced the flavonoid-based substances of L. tetragonum. The optimum NaCl concentration for the enhancement of secondary metabolites of the L. tetragonum in the vertical farm-hydroponic cultivation system was 75-mM NaCl. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T15:49:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-26d2ae6d63334b04b32ea5f5a55a832d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-462X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T15:49:20Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-26d2ae6d63334b04b32ea5f5a55a832d2023-04-26T11:13:28ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2023-04-011410.3389/fpls.2023.11596251159625Physiological and biochemical responses of Limonium tetragonum to NaCl concentrations in hydroponic solutionSeong-Nam Jang0Min-Ji Kang1Yun Na Kim2Eun Ju Jeong3Eun Ju Jeong4Kye Man Cho5Kye Man Cho6Jae Gil Yun7Ki-Ho Son8Ki-Ho Son9Department of GreenBio Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of KoreaDepartment of GreenBio Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Plant and Biomaterials Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of KoreaDepartment of GreenBio Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Plant and Biomaterials Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of KoreaDepartment of GreenBio Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Food Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of KoreaDivision of Horticultural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of KoreaDepartment of GreenBio Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of KoreaDivision of Horticultural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of KoreaIntroductionLimonium (L.) tetragonum (Thunb.) A. A. Bullock, a halophyte that grows all over the southwest coast of Korea, is a medicinal plant with various pharmacological effects. The salt defense mechanism stimulates the biosynthesis of various secondary metabolites and improves functional substances. In this study, we investigated the optimal NaCl concentration for the growth and enhancement of secondary metabolites in hydroponically grown L. tetragonum.MethodsThe seedlings grown for 3 weeks in a hydroponic cultivation system were treated with 0-, 25-, 50-, 75-, and 100-mM NaCl in Hoagland’s nutrient solution for 8 weeks. No significant effect on the growth and chlorophyll fluorescence was observed for the NaCl concentrations below 100-mM.Results and discussionsThe increase in the NaCl concentration resulted in the decrease in the water potential of the L. tetragonum leaves. The Na+ content accumulated in the aerial part increased rapidly and the content of K+, which acts as an antagonist, decreased with the increase in NaCl concentrations in hydroponics. The total amino acid content of L. tetragonum decreased compared to the 0-mM NaCl, and most of the amino acid content decreased as the NaCl concentration increased. In contrast, the content of urea, proline (Pro), β-alanine, ornithine, and arginine was increased with an increase in NaCl concentration. The Pro content at 100-mM NaCl accounted for 60% of the total amino acids and was found to be a major osmoregulator as an important component of the salt defense mechanisms. The top five compounds identified in the L. tetragonum were classified as flavonoids while the flavanone compound was detected only in the NaCl treatments. A total of four myricetin glycosides were increased in comparison to the 0-mM NaCl. Among the differentially expressed genes, a significantly large change in Gene ontology was seen in the circadian rhythm. NaCl treatment enhanced the flavonoid-based substances of L. tetragonum. The optimum NaCl concentration for the enhancement of secondary metabolites of the L. tetragonum in the vertical farm-hydroponic cultivation system was 75-mM NaCl.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2023.1159625/fullhalophyteLimonium tetragonumsalt stressmyricetinhydroponics |
| spellingShingle | Seong-Nam Jang Min-Ji Kang Yun Na Kim Eun Ju Jeong Eun Ju Jeong Kye Man Cho Kye Man Cho Jae Gil Yun Ki-Ho Son Ki-Ho Son Physiological and biochemical responses of Limonium tetragonum to NaCl concentrations in hydroponic solution Frontiers in Plant Science halophyte Limonium tetragonum salt stress myricetin hydroponics |
| title | Physiological and biochemical responses of Limonium tetragonum to NaCl concentrations in hydroponic solution |
| title_full | Physiological and biochemical responses of Limonium tetragonum to NaCl concentrations in hydroponic solution |
| title_fullStr | Physiological and biochemical responses of Limonium tetragonum to NaCl concentrations in hydroponic solution |
| title_full_unstemmed | Physiological and biochemical responses of Limonium tetragonum to NaCl concentrations in hydroponic solution |
| title_short | Physiological and biochemical responses of Limonium tetragonum to NaCl concentrations in hydroponic solution |
| title_sort | physiological and biochemical responses of limonium tetragonum to nacl concentrations in hydroponic solution |
| topic | halophyte Limonium tetragonum salt stress myricetin hydroponics |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2023.1159625/full |
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