Optimization of QuEChERS Extraction for Determination of Carotenoids, Polyphenols, and Sterols in Orange Juice Using Design of Experiments and Response Surface Methodology
Several compounds with different physical properties are present in foods, biological components, and environmental samples, and there are cases in which these must be analyzed simultaneously. However, it is difficult to extract compounds with different physical properties from the same sample using...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/16/3064 |
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| author | Yusuke Iwasaki Saki Yamada Shinya Sakuma Shunpei Kanba Chinatsu Youda Mizuki Ono Rie Ito Junzo Kamei Hiroshi Akiyama |
| author_facet | Yusuke Iwasaki Saki Yamada Shinya Sakuma Shunpei Kanba Chinatsu Youda Mizuki Ono Rie Ito Junzo Kamei Hiroshi Akiyama |
| author_sort | Yusuke Iwasaki |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Several compounds with different physical properties are present in foods, biological components, and environmental samples, and there are cases in which these must be analyzed simultaneously. However, it is difficult to extract compounds with different physical properties from the same sample using a single method. In the present study, we examined the optimal conditions for the QuEChERS extraction of several kinds of compounds from orange juice using design of experiments (DoE) and response surface methodology (RSM) to determine the optimal ratio of organic solvent to sodium chloride. We determined the optimal extraction conditions, which were within the design space, using 100% tetrahydrofuran (THF) as the extraction organic solvent and NaCl:MgSO<sub>4</sub> = 75:25 as the salt. The developed LC/MS/MS method using QuEChERS extraction achieved specific detection and precise quantification. Finally, we measured the polyphenols, sterols, and carotenoids in citrus juice using the optimized QuEChERS extraction method before LC/MS/MS analysis. Most of the analytes were quantifiable in orange juice. The optimized method achieved ease of operation, the extraction of analytes from food samples in a short time (within 30 min), minimization of analytical residues, and reliability. The DoE and RSM approach may contribute to better optimization of the extraction conditions for the lowest number of experiments. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:56:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-26d7dd2914f4460a8a8442b9c467c4cc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:56:01Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj.art-26d7dd2914f4460a8a8442b9c467c4cc2023-11-19T01:06:17ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582023-08-011216306410.3390/foods12163064Optimization of QuEChERS Extraction for Determination of Carotenoids, Polyphenols, and Sterols in Orange Juice Using Design of Experiments and Response Surface MethodologyYusuke Iwasaki0Saki Yamada1Shinya Sakuma2Shunpei Kanba3Chinatsu Youda4Mizuki Ono5Rie Ito6Junzo Kamei7Hiroshi Akiyama8Department of Analytical Chemistry, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo 142-8501, JapanLaboratory of Biopharmaceutics and Analytical Science, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo 142-8501, JapanLaboratory of Biopharmaceutics and Analytical Science, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo 142-8501, JapanDepartment of Analytical Chemistry, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo 142-8501, JapanDepartment of Analytical Chemistry, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo 142-8501, JapanLaboratory of Biopharmaceutics and Analytical Science, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo 142-8501, JapanDepartment of Analytical Chemistry, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo 142-8501, JapanLaboratory of Biopharmaceutics and Analytical Science, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo 142-8501, JapanDepartment of Analytical Chemistry, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo 142-8501, JapanSeveral compounds with different physical properties are present in foods, biological components, and environmental samples, and there are cases in which these must be analyzed simultaneously. However, it is difficult to extract compounds with different physical properties from the same sample using a single method. In the present study, we examined the optimal conditions for the QuEChERS extraction of several kinds of compounds from orange juice using design of experiments (DoE) and response surface methodology (RSM) to determine the optimal ratio of organic solvent to sodium chloride. We determined the optimal extraction conditions, which were within the design space, using 100% tetrahydrofuran (THF) as the extraction organic solvent and NaCl:MgSO<sub>4</sub> = 75:25 as the salt. The developed LC/MS/MS method using QuEChERS extraction achieved specific detection and precise quantification. Finally, we measured the polyphenols, sterols, and carotenoids in citrus juice using the optimized QuEChERS extraction method before LC/MS/MS analysis. Most of the analytes were quantifiable in orange juice. The optimized method achieved ease of operation, the extraction of analytes from food samples in a short time (within 30 min), minimization of analytical residues, and reliability. The DoE and RSM approach may contribute to better optimization of the extraction conditions for the lowest number of experiments.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/16/3064design of experimentsLC/MS/MSQuEChERSresponse surface methodology |
| spellingShingle | Yusuke Iwasaki Saki Yamada Shinya Sakuma Shunpei Kanba Chinatsu Youda Mizuki Ono Rie Ito Junzo Kamei Hiroshi Akiyama Optimization of QuEChERS Extraction for Determination of Carotenoids, Polyphenols, and Sterols in Orange Juice Using Design of Experiments and Response Surface Methodology Foods design of experiments LC/MS/MS QuEChERS response surface methodology |
| title | Optimization of QuEChERS Extraction for Determination of Carotenoids, Polyphenols, and Sterols in Orange Juice Using Design of Experiments and Response Surface Methodology |
| title_full | Optimization of QuEChERS Extraction for Determination of Carotenoids, Polyphenols, and Sterols in Orange Juice Using Design of Experiments and Response Surface Methodology |
| title_fullStr | Optimization of QuEChERS Extraction for Determination of Carotenoids, Polyphenols, and Sterols in Orange Juice Using Design of Experiments and Response Surface Methodology |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimization of QuEChERS Extraction for Determination of Carotenoids, Polyphenols, and Sterols in Orange Juice Using Design of Experiments and Response Surface Methodology |
| title_short | Optimization of QuEChERS Extraction for Determination of Carotenoids, Polyphenols, and Sterols in Orange Juice Using Design of Experiments and Response Surface Methodology |
| title_sort | optimization of quechers extraction for determination of carotenoids polyphenols and sterols in orange juice using design of experiments and response surface methodology |
| topic | design of experiments LC/MS/MS QuEChERS response surface methodology |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/16/3064 |
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