First Study of <i>Ascaris lumbricoides</i> from the Semiwild Population of the Sumatran Orangutan <i>Pongo abelii</i> in the Context of Morphological Description and Molecular Phylogeny
There is little evidence that the already described and accepted taxa of ascarids (<i>Ascaris lumbricoides</i>, <i>A. suum</i>, and <i>A. ovis</i>) infecting individuals of taxonomically distant groups (hominids, pigs, sheep, goats, and dogs) can be genetically or...
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| author | Kristína Civáňová Křížová Mária Seifertová Vlastimil Baruš Iveta Hodová Šárka Mašová Wisnu Nurcahyo Ivona Foitová |
| author_facet | Kristína Civáňová Křížová Mária Seifertová Vlastimil Baruš Iveta Hodová Šárka Mašová Wisnu Nurcahyo Ivona Foitová |
| author_sort | Kristína Civáňová Křížová |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | There is little evidence that the already described and accepted taxa of ascarids (<i>Ascaris lumbricoides</i>, <i>A. suum</i>, and <i>A. ovis</i>) infecting individuals of taxonomically distant groups (hominids, pigs, sheep, goats, and dogs) can be genetically or morphologically distinguished. However, despite described morphological differences, e.g., due to intraspecific variation, these are insufficient for species determination and may indicate differences amongst ascarids because of cross infections, hybrid production, and specific adaptations to hosts. Herein, the results of a molecular and morphological analysis of ascarids parasitising Sumatran orangutans (<i>Pongo abelii</i> Lesson, 1827) in native populations are presented. The research took place in the Bukit Lawang area, Indonesia, in 2009. Throughout the year, fresh faecal samples were collected regularly from 24 orangutans, and all were examined for the presence of nematode adults. Only five adult worms from two orangutan females were found during regular collection. Using the integrative taxonomic approach, the nematodes found were identified as <i>A. lumbricoides</i>. The significance of the find and its rarity is documented by the fact that this is the first confirmed finding of adult ascarids from an original orangutan site (not from a zoo) in more than 130 years (including the long-term study spanning the last 20 years focusing on orangutan parasites and natural antiparasitic drugs). More accurate morphometric parameters and genetic differences for the identification of ascarids were established. These parameters will be helpful for other findings in great apes and will also be suitable for further and precise determination of this parasite. The details distinguishing between male and female specimens are also stated and well defined. A comprehensive evaluation of the situation of <i>Ascaris</i> species parasitising orangutans, including a comparison with previously described orangutan parasite (i.e., <i>A. satyri</i>—species inquirenda), is discussed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:49:46Z |
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| issn | 2075-1729 |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:49:46Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-26d81b36dfe44c1a8da8c232ed3fc5de2023-11-17T20:06:58ZengMDPI AGLife2075-17292023-04-01134101610.3390/life13041016First Study of <i>Ascaris lumbricoides</i> from the Semiwild Population of the Sumatran Orangutan <i>Pongo abelii</i> in the Context of Morphological Description and Molecular PhylogenyKristína Civáňová Křížová0Mária Seifertová1Vlastimil Baruš2Iveta Hodová3Šárka Mašová4Wisnu Nurcahyo5Ivona Foitová6Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech RepublicDepartment of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech RepublicDepartment of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech RepublicDepartment of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech RepublicDepartment of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech RepublicDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Jl. Fauna 2, Yogyakarta 55281, IndonesiaDepartment of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech RepublicThere is little evidence that the already described and accepted taxa of ascarids (<i>Ascaris lumbricoides</i>, <i>A. suum</i>, and <i>A. ovis</i>) infecting individuals of taxonomically distant groups (hominids, pigs, sheep, goats, and dogs) can be genetically or morphologically distinguished. However, despite described morphological differences, e.g., due to intraspecific variation, these are insufficient for species determination and may indicate differences amongst ascarids because of cross infections, hybrid production, and specific adaptations to hosts. Herein, the results of a molecular and morphological analysis of ascarids parasitising Sumatran orangutans (<i>Pongo abelii</i> Lesson, 1827) in native populations are presented. The research took place in the Bukit Lawang area, Indonesia, in 2009. Throughout the year, fresh faecal samples were collected regularly from 24 orangutans, and all were examined for the presence of nematode adults. Only five adult worms from two orangutan females were found during regular collection. Using the integrative taxonomic approach, the nematodes found were identified as <i>A. lumbricoides</i>. The significance of the find and its rarity is documented by the fact that this is the first confirmed finding of adult ascarids from an original orangutan site (not from a zoo) in more than 130 years (including the long-term study spanning the last 20 years focusing on orangutan parasites and natural antiparasitic drugs). More accurate morphometric parameters and genetic differences for the identification of ascarids were established. These parameters will be helpful for other findings in great apes and will also be suitable for further and precise determination of this parasite. The details distinguishing between male and female specimens are also stated and well defined. A comprehensive evaluation of the situation of <i>Ascaris</i> species parasitising orangutans, including a comparison with previously described orangutan parasite (i.e., <i>A. satyri</i>—species inquirenda), is discussed.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/13/4/1016Sumatran orangutan <i>Pongo abelii</i><i>Ascaris lumbricoides</i>ascaridsnon-human primatesphylogeny reconstructionspecies determination |
| spellingShingle | Kristína Civáňová Křížová Mária Seifertová Vlastimil Baruš Iveta Hodová Šárka Mašová Wisnu Nurcahyo Ivona Foitová First Study of <i>Ascaris lumbricoides</i> from the Semiwild Population of the Sumatran Orangutan <i>Pongo abelii</i> in the Context of Morphological Description and Molecular Phylogeny Life Sumatran orangutan <i>Pongo abelii</i> <i>Ascaris lumbricoides</i> ascarids non-human primates phylogeny reconstruction species determination |
| title | First Study of <i>Ascaris lumbricoides</i> from the Semiwild Population of the Sumatran Orangutan <i>Pongo abelii</i> in the Context of Morphological Description and Molecular Phylogeny |
| title_full | First Study of <i>Ascaris lumbricoides</i> from the Semiwild Population of the Sumatran Orangutan <i>Pongo abelii</i> in the Context of Morphological Description and Molecular Phylogeny |
| title_fullStr | First Study of <i>Ascaris lumbricoides</i> from the Semiwild Population of the Sumatran Orangutan <i>Pongo abelii</i> in the Context of Morphological Description and Molecular Phylogeny |
| title_full_unstemmed | First Study of <i>Ascaris lumbricoides</i> from the Semiwild Population of the Sumatran Orangutan <i>Pongo abelii</i> in the Context of Morphological Description and Molecular Phylogeny |
| title_short | First Study of <i>Ascaris lumbricoides</i> from the Semiwild Population of the Sumatran Orangutan <i>Pongo abelii</i> in the Context of Morphological Description and Molecular Phylogeny |
| title_sort | first study of i ascaris lumbricoides i from the semiwild population of the sumatran orangutan i pongo abelii i in the context of morphological description and molecular phylogeny |
| topic | Sumatran orangutan <i>Pongo abelii</i> <i>Ascaris lumbricoides</i> ascarids non-human primates phylogeny reconstruction species determination |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/13/4/1016 |
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