Phytotoxicity of <i>Schiekia timida</i> Seed Extracts, a Mixture of Phenylphenalenones
Phenylphenalenones, metabolites found in <i>Schiekia timida</i> (Haemodoraceae), are a class of specialized metabolites with many biological activities, being phytoalexins in banana plants. In the constant search to solve the problem of glyphosate and to avoid resistance to commercial he...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/14/4197 |
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| author | Fernanda Maria Marins Ocampos Ana Julia Borim de Souza Guilherme Medeiros Antar Felipe Christoff Wouters Luiz Alberto Colnago |
| author_facet | Fernanda Maria Marins Ocampos Ana Julia Borim de Souza Guilherme Medeiros Antar Felipe Christoff Wouters Luiz Alberto Colnago |
| author_sort | Fernanda Maria Marins Ocampos |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Phenylphenalenones, metabolites found in <i>Schiekia timida</i> (Haemodoraceae), are a class of specialized metabolites with many biological activities, being phytoalexins in banana plants. In the constant search to solve the problem of glyphosate and to avoid resistance to commercial herbicides, this work aimed to investigate the phytotoxic effect of the methanolic extract of <i>S. timida</i> seeds. The chemical composition of the seed extract was directly investigated by NMR and UPLC-QToF MS and the pre- and post-emergence phytotoxic effect on a eudicotyledonous model (<i>Lactuca sativa</i>) and a monocotyledonous model (<i>Allium cepa</i>) was evaluated through germination and seedling growth tests. Three concentrations of the extract (0.25, 0.50, and 1.00 mg/mL) were prepared, and four replicates for each of them were analyzed. Three major phenylphenalenones were identified by NMR spectroscopy: 4-hydroxy-anigorufone, methoxyanigorufone, and anigorufone, two of those reported for the first time in <i>S. timida</i>. The presence of seven other phenylphenalenones was suggested by the LC-MS analyses. The phenylphenalenone mixture did not affect the germination rate, but impaired radicle and hypocotyl growth on both models. The effect in the monocotyledonous model was statistically similar to glyphosate in the lowest concentration (0.25 mg/mL). Therefore, although more research on this topic is required to probe this first report, this investigation suggests for the first time that phenylphenalenone compounds may be post-emergence herbicides. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:30:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-26dfeea9eb4240358107ec4f1dbe5d08 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:30:15Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-26dfeea9eb4240358107ec4f1dbe5d082023-11-22T04:30:01ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492021-07-012614419710.3390/molecules26144197Phytotoxicity of <i>Schiekia timida</i> Seed Extracts, a Mixture of PhenylphenalenonesFernanda Maria Marins Ocampos0Ana Julia Borim de Souza1Guilherme Medeiros Antar2Felipe Christoff Wouters3Luiz Alberto Colnago4Embrapa Instrumentação, São Carlos CEP 13560-970, SP, BrazilFaculdade de Ciências, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Bauru CEP 17033-360, SP, BrazilInstituto de Biociências, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Butantã, São Paulo CEP 05508-090, SP, BrazilDepartamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCAR), São Carlos CEP 13565-905, SP, BrazilEmbrapa Instrumentação, São Carlos CEP 13560-970, SP, BrazilPhenylphenalenones, metabolites found in <i>Schiekia timida</i> (Haemodoraceae), are a class of specialized metabolites with many biological activities, being phytoalexins in banana plants. In the constant search to solve the problem of glyphosate and to avoid resistance to commercial herbicides, this work aimed to investigate the phytotoxic effect of the methanolic extract of <i>S. timida</i> seeds. The chemical composition of the seed extract was directly investigated by NMR and UPLC-QToF MS and the pre- and post-emergence phytotoxic effect on a eudicotyledonous model (<i>Lactuca sativa</i>) and a monocotyledonous model (<i>Allium cepa</i>) was evaluated through germination and seedling growth tests. Three concentrations of the extract (0.25, 0.50, and 1.00 mg/mL) were prepared, and four replicates for each of them were analyzed. Three major phenylphenalenones were identified by NMR spectroscopy: 4-hydroxy-anigorufone, methoxyanigorufone, and anigorufone, two of those reported for the first time in <i>S. timida</i>. The presence of seven other phenylphenalenones was suggested by the LC-MS analyses. The phenylphenalenone mixture did not affect the germination rate, but impaired radicle and hypocotyl growth on both models. The effect in the monocotyledonous model was statistically similar to glyphosate in the lowest concentration (0.25 mg/mL). Therefore, although more research on this topic is required to probe this first report, this investigation suggests for the first time that phenylphenalenone compounds may be post-emergence herbicides.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/14/4197phenylphenalenones<i>Schiekia timida</i>phytotoxicityNMRUPLC-HRMS |
| spellingShingle | Fernanda Maria Marins Ocampos Ana Julia Borim de Souza Guilherme Medeiros Antar Felipe Christoff Wouters Luiz Alberto Colnago Phytotoxicity of <i>Schiekia timida</i> Seed Extracts, a Mixture of Phenylphenalenones Molecules phenylphenalenones <i>Schiekia timida</i> phytotoxicity NMR UPLC-HRMS |
| title | Phytotoxicity of <i>Schiekia timida</i> Seed Extracts, a Mixture of Phenylphenalenones |
| title_full | Phytotoxicity of <i>Schiekia timida</i> Seed Extracts, a Mixture of Phenylphenalenones |
| title_fullStr | Phytotoxicity of <i>Schiekia timida</i> Seed Extracts, a Mixture of Phenylphenalenones |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phytotoxicity of <i>Schiekia timida</i> Seed Extracts, a Mixture of Phenylphenalenones |
| title_short | Phytotoxicity of <i>Schiekia timida</i> Seed Extracts, a Mixture of Phenylphenalenones |
| title_sort | phytotoxicity of i schiekia timida i seed extracts a mixture of phenylphenalenones |
| topic | phenylphenalenones <i>Schiekia timida</i> phytotoxicity NMR UPLC-HRMS |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/14/4197 |
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