Study on the Low-Velocity Impact Response and Damage Mechanisms of Thermoplastic Composites
A comparative experimental and numerical study of the impact behaviour of carbon-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic (TP) and thermoset (TS) composites has been carried out. On the one hand, low velocity impact (LVI) tests were performed on TP and TS composites with different lay-up sequences at differen...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/16/6/791 |
| _version_ | 1797239499161337856 |
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| author | Liu Han Hui Qi Jinshui Yang Fuqing Chu Changliang Lin Pingan Liu Qian Zhang |
| author_facet | Liu Han Hui Qi Jinshui Yang Fuqing Chu Changliang Lin Pingan Liu Qian Zhang |
| author_sort | Liu Han |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A comparative experimental and numerical study of the impact behaviour of carbon-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic (TP) and thermoset (TS) composites has been carried out. On the one hand, low velocity impact (LVI) tests were performed on TP and TS composites with different lay-up sequences at different energy levels, and the damage modes and microscopic damage mechanisms after impact were investigated using macroscale inspection, C-scan inspection, and X-ray-computed tomography. The comparative results show that the initial damage valve force under LVI depends not only on the material, but also on the layup sequence. The initial valve force of the P2 soft layer with lower stiffness is about 11% lower than that of the P1 quasi-isotropic layer under the same material, while the initial valve force of thermoplastic composites is about 28% lower than that of thermoset composites under the same stacking order. Under the same stacking order and impact energy level, the damage area and depth of TP composites are smaller than those of TS composites; while under the same material and impact energy level, the indentation depth of P2 plies is greater than that of P1 plies, and the damage area of P2 plies is smaller than that of P1 plies, but the change of thermoplastic composites is not as obvious as that of thermoset composites. This indicates that TP composites have a higher initial damage threshold energy and impact resistance at the same lay-up order, while increasing the lay-up ratio of the same material by 45° improves the impact resistance of the structure. In addition, a damage model based on continuum damage mechanics (CDM) was developed to predict different damage modes of thermoplastic composites during low velocity impact, and the analytical results were compared with the experimental results. At an impact energy of 4.45 J/mm, the error of the initial damage valve force is 5.26% and the error of the maximum impact force is 4.36%. The simulated impact energy and impact velocity curves agree with the experimental results, indicating that the finite element model has good reliability. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T17:52:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-26e67628d19b466599a89783fb51e95d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T17:52:30Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-26e67628d19b466599a89783fb51e95d2024-03-27T14:01:21ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602024-03-0116679110.3390/polym16060791Study on the Low-Velocity Impact Response and Damage Mechanisms of Thermoplastic CompositesLiu Han0Hui Qi1Jinshui Yang2Fuqing Chu3Changliang Lin4Pingan Liu5Qian Zhang6College of Aerospace and Civil Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, ChinaCollege of Aerospace and Civil Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, ChinaCollege of Aerospace and Civil Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, ChinaCollege of Aerospace and Civil Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, ChinaAVIC Harbin Aircraft Industry Croup Co., Ltd., Harbin 150066, ChinaCollege of Aerospace and Civil Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, ChinaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, ChinaA comparative experimental and numerical study of the impact behaviour of carbon-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic (TP) and thermoset (TS) composites has been carried out. On the one hand, low velocity impact (LVI) tests were performed on TP and TS composites with different lay-up sequences at different energy levels, and the damage modes and microscopic damage mechanisms after impact were investigated using macroscale inspection, C-scan inspection, and X-ray-computed tomography. The comparative results show that the initial damage valve force under LVI depends not only on the material, but also on the layup sequence. The initial valve force of the P2 soft layer with lower stiffness is about 11% lower than that of the P1 quasi-isotropic layer under the same material, while the initial valve force of thermoplastic composites is about 28% lower than that of thermoset composites under the same stacking order. Under the same stacking order and impact energy level, the damage area and depth of TP composites are smaller than those of TS composites; while under the same material and impact energy level, the indentation depth of P2 plies is greater than that of P1 plies, and the damage area of P2 plies is smaller than that of P1 plies, but the change of thermoplastic composites is not as obvious as that of thermoset composites. This indicates that TP composites have a higher initial damage threshold energy and impact resistance at the same lay-up order, while increasing the lay-up ratio of the same material by 45° improves the impact resistance of the structure. In addition, a damage model based on continuum damage mechanics (CDM) was developed to predict different damage modes of thermoplastic composites during low velocity impact, and the analytical results were compared with the experimental results. At an impact energy of 4.45 J/mm, the error of the initial damage valve force is 5.26% and the error of the maximum impact force is 4.36%. The simulated impact energy and impact velocity curves agree with the experimental results, indicating that the finite element model has good reliability.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/16/6/791thermoplastic compositeslow-velocity impactenergy absorption characteristicssimulation |
| spellingShingle | Liu Han Hui Qi Jinshui Yang Fuqing Chu Changliang Lin Pingan Liu Qian Zhang Study on the Low-Velocity Impact Response and Damage Mechanisms of Thermoplastic Composites Polymers thermoplastic composites low-velocity impact energy absorption characteristics simulation |
| title | Study on the Low-Velocity Impact Response and Damage Mechanisms of Thermoplastic Composites |
| title_full | Study on the Low-Velocity Impact Response and Damage Mechanisms of Thermoplastic Composites |
| title_fullStr | Study on the Low-Velocity Impact Response and Damage Mechanisms of Thermoplastic Composites |
| title_full_unstemmed | Study on the Low-Velocity Impact Response and Damage Mechanisms of Thermoplastic Composites |
| title_short | Study on the Low-Velocity Impact Response and Damage Mechanisms of Thermoplastic Composites |
| title_sort | study on the low velocity impact response and damage mechanisms of thermoplastic composites |
| topic | thermoplastic composites low-velocity impact energy absorption characteristics simulation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/16/6/791 |
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