Toxins and Secretion Systems of Photorhabdus luminescens
Photorhabdus luminescens is a nematode-symbiotic, gram negative, bioluminescent bacterium, belonging to the family of Enterobacteriaceae.Recent studies show the importance of this bacterium as an alternative source of insecticides, as well as an emerging human pathogen. Various toxins have been iden...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2010-06-01
|
| Series: | Toxins |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/2/6/1250/ |
| _version_ | 1811185261408681984 |
|---|---|
| author | Athina Rodou Dennis O. Ankrah Christos Stathopoulos |
| author_facet | Athina Rodou Dennis O. Ankrah Christos Stathopoulos |
| author_sort | Athina Rodou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Photorhabdus luminescens is a nematode-symbiotic, gram negative, bioluminescent bacterium, belonging to the family of Enterobacteriaceae.Recent studies show the importance of this bacterium as an alternative source of insecticides, as well as an emerging human pathogen. Various toxins have been identified and characterized in this bacterium. These toxins are classified into four major groups: the toxin complexes (Tcs), the Photorhabdus insect related (Pir) proteins, the “makes caterpillars floppy” (Mcf) toxins and the Photorhabdus virulence cassettes (PVC); the mechanisms however of toxin secretion are not fully elucidated. Using bioinformatics analysis and comparison against the components of known secretion systems, multiple copies of components of all known secretion systems, except the ones composing a type IV secretion system, were identified throughout the entire genome of the bacterium. This indicates that Photorhabdus luminescens has all the necessary means for the secretion of virulence factors, thus it is capable of establishing a microbial infection. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T13:27:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-26f047b3be804637ab71ae8158296faa |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T13:27:31Z |
| publishDate | 2010-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-26f047b3be804637ab71ae8158296faa2022-12-22T04:22:00ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512010-06-01261250126410.3390/toxins2061250Toxins and Secretion Systems of Photorhabdus luminescensAthina RodouDennis O. AnkrahChristos StathopoulosPhotorhabdus luminescens is a nematode-symbiotic, gram negative, bioluminescent bacterium, belonging to the family of Enterobacteriaceae.Recent studies show the importance of this bacterium as an alternative source of insecticides, as well as an emerging human pathogen. Various toxins have been identified and characterized in this bacterium. These toxins are classified into four major groups: the toxin complexes (Tcs), the Photorhabdus insect related (Pir) proteins, the “makes caterpillars floppy” (Mcf) toxins and the Photorhabdus virulence cassettes (PVC); the mechanisms however of toxin secretion are not fully elucidated. Using bioinformatics analysis and comparison against the components of known secretion systems, multiple copies of components of all known secretion systems, except the ones composing a type IV secretion system, were identified throughout the entire genome of the bacterium. This indicates that Photorhabdus luminescens has all the necessary means for the secretion of virulence factors, thus it is capable of establishing a microbial infection.http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/2/6/1250/Photorhabdus luminescensbacterial protein toxinssecretion systemsgram-negative bacteria |
| spellingShingle | Athina Rodou Dennis O. Ankrah Christos Stathopoulos Toxins and Secretion Systems of Photorhabdus luminescens Toxins Photorhabdus luminescens bacterial protein toxins secretion systems gram-negative bacteria |
| title | Toxins and Secretion Systems of Photorhabdus luminescens |
| title_full | Toxins and Secretion Systems of Photorhabdus luminescens |
| title_fullStr | Toxins and Secretion Systems of Photorhabdus luminescens |
| title_full_unstemmed | Toxins and Secretion Systems of Photorhabdus luminescens |
| title_short | Toxins and Secretion Systems of Photorhabdus luminescens |
| title_sort | toxins and secretion systems of photorhabdus luminescens |
| topic | Photorhabdus luminescens bacterial protein toxins secretion systems gram-negative bacteria |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/2/6/1250/ |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT athinarodou toxinsandsecretionsystemsofphotorhabdusluminescens AT dennisoankrah toxinsandsecretionsystemsofphotorhabdusluminescens AT christosstathopoulos toxinsandsecretionsystemsofphotorhabdusluminescens |