Are Climates in Canada and the United States Suitable for the European Spruce Bark Beetle, <i>Ips typographus</i>, and Its Fungal Associate, <i>Endoconidiophora polonica</i>?
Invasions of exotic forest insects and pathogens can devastate evolutionarily naïve habitats and could cause irreversible changes to urban and natural ecosystems. Given the ever-increasing volume of trade in wood and plant stock worldwide, establishment of non-native pests under climate change is on...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Forests |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/12/1725 |
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| author | Kishan R. Sambaraju Chantal Côté |
| author_facet | Kishan R. Sambaraju Chantal Côté |
| author_sort | Kishan R. Sambaraju |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Invasions of exotic forest insects and pathogens can devastate evolutionarily naïve habitats and could cause irreversible changes to urban and natural ecosystems. Given the ever-increasing volume of trade in wood and plant stock worldwide, establishment of non-native pests under climate change is one of the most important forest health concerns currently. The European spruce bark beetle, <i>Ips typographus</i>, is a damaging, phloem-feeding insect of Norway spruce, <i>Picea abies</i>, in Eurasia. <i>Endoconidiophora polonica</i> is the most virulent ophiostomatoid fungal associate of <i>I. typographus</i>. Spruce species native to North America are susceptible to this insect-pathogen complex. We studied the suitability of ‘current’ (1970–2000) and future climates (2021–2100) in Canada and the United States for these two species via ensemble species distribution models. We also determined overlapping regions favorable to both <i>I. typographus</i> and <i>E. polonica</i>. Our results indicate that, currently, climate is particularly suitable for <i>I. typographus</i> and <i>E. polonica</i> in western Canada and throughout the United States. Northward shifts in climatic suitability are projected to occur in Canada for both species under climate change. By the end of the 21st century, a coast-to-coast corridor of climatic suitability for <i>I. typographus</i> and <i>E. polonica</i> will occur in Canada under high-temperature regimes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:05:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-26fe03ab5db343ec8df7cfd092c38de4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4907 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:05:59Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Forests |
| spelling | doaj.art-26fe03ab5db343ec8df7cfd092c38de42023-11-23T08:21:32ZengMDPI AGForests1999-49072021-12-011212172510.3390/f12121725Are Climates in Canada and the United States Suitable for the European Spruce Bark Beetle, <i>Ips typographus</i>, and Its Fungal Associate, <i>Endoconidiophora polonica</i>?Kishan R. Sambaraju0Chantal Côté1Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, 1055 du P.E.P.S., P.O. Box 10380, Stn. Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC G1V 4C7, CanadaNatural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, 1055 du P.E.P.S., P.O. Box 10380, Stn. Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC G1V 4C7, CanadaInvasions of exotic forest insects and pathogens can devastate evolutionarily naïve habitats and could cause irreversible changes to urban and natural ecosystems. Given the ever-increasing volume of trade in wood and plant stock worldwide, establishment of non-native pests under climate change is one of the most important forest health concerns currently. The European spruce bark beetle, <i>Ips typographus</i>, is a damaging, phloem-feeding insect of Norway spruce, <i>Picea abies</i>, in Eurasia. <i>Endoconidiophora polonica</i> is the most virulent ophiostomatoid fungal associate of <i>I. typographus</i>. Spruce species native to North America are susceptible to this insect-pathogen complex. We studied the suitability of ‘current’ (1970–2000) and future climates (2021–2100) in Canada and the United States for these two species via ensemble species distribution models. We also determined overlapping regions favorable to both <i>I. typographus</i> and <i>E. polonica</i>. Our results indicate that, currently, climate is particularly suitable for <i>I. typographus</i> and <i>E. polonica</i> in western Canada and throughout the United States. Northward shifts in climatic suitability are projected to occur in Canada for both species under climate change. By the end of the 21st century, a coast-to-coast corridor of climatic suitability for <i>I. typographus</i> and <i>E. polonica</i> will occur in Canada under high-temperature regimes.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/12/1725<i>Ips typographus</i><i>Endoconidiophora polonica</i>climatic suitabilitymodellingmapping |
| spellingShingle | Kishan R. Sambaraju Chantal Côté Are Climates in Canada and the United States Suitable for the European Spruce Bark Beetle, <i>Ips typographus</i>, and Its Fungal Associate, <i>Endoconidiophora polonica</i>? Forests <i>Ips typographus</i> <i>Endoconidiophora polonica</i> climatic suitability modelling mapping |
| title | Are Climates in Canada and the United States Suitable for the European Spruce Bark Beetle, <i>Ips typographus</i>, and Its Fungal Associate, <i>Endoconidiophora polonica</i>? |
| title_full | Are Climates in Canada and the United States Suitable for the European Spruce Bark Beetle, <i>Ips typographus</i>, and Its Fungal Associate, <i>Endoconidiophora polonica</i>? |
| title_fullStr | Are Climates in Canada and the United States Suitable for the European Spruce Bark Beetle, <i>Ips typographus</i>, and Its Fungal Associate, <i>Endoconidiophora polonica</i>? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Are Climates in Canada and the United States Suitable for the European Spruce Bark Beetle, <i>Ips typographus</i>, and Its Fungal Associate, <i>Endoconidiophora polonica</i>? |
| title_short | Are Climates in Canada and the United States Suitable for the European Spruce Bark Beetle, <i>Ips typographus</i>, and Its Fungal Associate, <i>Endoconidiophora polonica</i>? |
| title_sort | are climates in canada and the united states suitable for the european spruce bark beetle i ips typographus i and its fungal associate i endoconidiophora polonica i |
| topic | <i>Ips typographus</i> <i>Endoconidiophora polonica</i> climatic suitability modelling mapping |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/12/1725 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kishanrsambaraju areclimatesincanadaandtheunitedstatessuitablefortheeuropeansprucebarkbeetleiipstypographusianditsfungalassociateiendoconidiophorapolonicai AT chantalcote areclimatesincanadaandtheunitedstatessuitablefortheeuropeansprucebarkbeetleiipstypographusianditsfungalassociateiendoconidiophorapolonicai |