Major enteropathogens in humans, domestic animals, and environmental soil samples from the same locality: prevalence and transmission considerations in coastal Odisha, India
OBJECTIVES Regions with limited sanitation facilities have higher rates of infections with various enteric pathogens. It is therefore important to identify different hosts and their relative contribution to pathogen shedding into the environment, and to assess the subsequent health risks to humans....
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Korean Society of Epidemiology
2020-05-01
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| Series: | Epidemiology and Health |
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| Online Access: | http://www.e-epih.org/upload/pdf/epih-42-e2020034.pdf |
| _version_ | 1818228587946311680 |
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| author | Arpit Kumar Shrivastava Nirmal Kumar Mohakud Swagatika Panda Saumya Darshana Patra Subrat Kumar Priyadarshi Soumyaranjan Sahu |
| author_facet | Arpit Kumar Shrivastava Nirmal Kumar Mohakud Swagatika Panda Saumya Darshana Patra Subrat Kumar Priyadarshi Soumyaranjan Sahu |
| author_sort | Arpit Kumar Shrivastava |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | OBJECTIVES Regions with limited sanitation facilities have higher rates of infections with various enteric pathogens. It is therefore important to identify different hosts and their relative contribution to pathogen shedding into the environment, and to assess the subsequent health risks to humans. METHODS In this study, human faecal (n=310), animal faecal (n=150), and environmental (soil) samples (n=40) were collected from the same locality and screened for selected enteric pathogens by immunochromatography and/or polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS At least 1 microbial agent was detected in 49.0%, 44.7%, and 40.0% of the samples from human, animals, and soil, respectively. Among humans, rotavirus was predominantly detected (17.4%) followed by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) (15.4%), Shigella (13.8), and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) (9.7%). Among animals, STEC was detected most frequently (28.0%), and EPEC was the major enteric pathogen detected in soil (30.0%). The detection rate of rotavirus was higher among younger children (≤2 years) than among older children. Single infections were more commonly detected than multiple infections in humans (p<0.01), unlike the observations in animal and soil samples. For diarrhoeagenic E. coli and Shigella, most of the human and animal isolates showed close relatedness, suggesting possible cross-infection between humans and domesticated animals in the area studied. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides an improved understanding of the distribution of major enteric pathogens coexisting in humans and animals in the region, thereby suggesting a high potential for possible transmission among livestock and communities residing in the studied locality. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T10:05:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-26ff427d032e4aa3a99a53ba6d6ba1ea |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2092-7193 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T10:05:05Z |
| publishDate | 2020-05-01 |
| publisher | Korean Society of Epidemiology |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Epidemiology and Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-26ff427d032e4aa3a99a53ba6d6ba1ea2022-12-22T00:27:54ZengKorean Society of EpidemiologyEpidemiology and Health2092-71932020-05-014210.4178/epih.e20200341101Major enteropathogens in humans, domestic animals, and environmental soil samples from the same locality: prevalence and transmission considerations in coastal Odisha, IndiaArpit Kumar Shrivastava0Nirmal Kumar Mohakud1Swagatika Panda2Saumya Darshana Patra3Subrat Kumar4Priyadarshi Soumyaranjan Sahu5 Infection Biology Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) University, Bhubaneswar, India Infection Biology Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India Infection Biology Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India Infection Biology Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India Infection Biology Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, IndiaOBJECTIVES Regions with limited sanitation facilities have higher rates of infections with various enteric pathogens. It is therefore important to identify different hosts and their relative contribution to pathogen shedding into the environment, and to assess the subsequent health risks to humans. METHODS In this study, human faecal (n=310), animal faecal (n=150), and environmental (soil) samples (n=40) were collected from the same locality and screened for selected enteric pathogens by immunochromatography and/or polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS At least 1 microbial agent was detected in 49.0%, 44.7%, and 40.0% of the samples from human, animals, and soil, respectively. Among humans, rotavirus was predominantly detected (17.4%) followed by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) (15.4%), Shigella (13.8), and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) (9.7%). Among animals, STEC was detected most frequently (28.0%), and EPEC was the major enteric pathogen detected in soil (30.0%). The detection rate of rotavirus was higher among younger children (≤2 years) than among older children. Single infections were more commonly detected than multiple infections in humans (p<0.01), unlike the observations in animal and soil samples. For diarrhoeagenic E. coli and Shigella, most of the human and animal isolates showed close relatedness, suggesting possible cross-infection between humans and domesticated animals in the area studied. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides an improved understanding of the distribution of major enteric pathogens coexisting in humans and animals in the region, thereby suggesting a high potential for possible transmission among livestock and communities residing in the studied locality.http://www.e-epih.org/upload/pdf/epih-42-e2020034.pdfdiarrhoeamolecular epidemiologycoinfectionzoonosesindia |
| spellingShingle | Arpit Kumar Shrivastava Nirmal Kumar Mohakud Swagatika Panda Saumya Darshana Patra Subrat Kumar Priyadarshi Soumyaranjan Sahu Major enteropathogens in humans, domestic animals, and environmental soil samples from the same locality: prevalence and transmission considerations in coastal Odisha, India Epidemiology and Health diarrhoea molecular epidemiology coinfection zoonoses india |
| title | Major enteropathogens in humans, domestic animals, and environmental soil samples from the same locality: prevalence and transmission considerations in coastal Odisha, India |
| title_full | Major enteropathogens in humans, domestic animals, and environmental soil samples from the same locality: prevalence and transmission considerations in coastal Odisha, India |
| title_fullStr | Major enteropathogens in humans, domestic animals, and environmental soil samples from the same locality: prevalence and transmission considerations in coastal Odisha, India |
| title_full_unstemmed | Major enteropathogens in humans, domestic animals, and environmental soil samples from the same locality: prevalence and transmission considerations in coastal Odisha, India |
| title_short | Major enteropathogens in humans, domestic animals, and environmental soil samples from the same locality: prevalence and transmission considerations in coastal Odisha, India |
| title_sort | major enteropathogens in humans domestic animals and environmental soil samples from the same locality prevalence and transmission considerations in coastal odisha india |
| topic | diarrhoea molecular epidemiology coinfection zoonoses india |
| url | http://www.e-epih.org/upload/pdf/epih-42-e2020034.pdf |
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