Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Carotid Intima–Media Thickness in Physically Active Young Adults: CHIEF Atherosclerosis Study
<b>Background:</b> The relationship of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) with subclinical atherosclerosis affected by the body adiposity has been observed in children, whereas this relationship remains unclear in young adults. <b>Methods and Results:</b> A total of 1520 militar...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/13/3653 |
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| author | Gen-Min Lin Pang-Yen Liu Kun-Zhe Tsai Yu-Kai Lin Wei-Chun Huang Carl J. Lavie |
| author_facet | Gen-Min Lin Pang-Yen Liu Kun-Zhe Tsai Yu-Kai Lin Wei-Chun Huang Carl J. Lavie |
| author_sort | Gen-Min Lin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <b>Background:</b> The relationship of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) with subclinical atherosclerosis affected by the body adiposity has been observed in children, whereas this relationship remains unclear in young adults. <b>Methods and Results:</b> A total of 1520 military recruits, aged 18–40 years, were included in Taiwan in 2018–2020. All subjects underwent detailed physical and blood laboratory examinations. CRF was evaluated by time for a 3000 m run, and subclinical atherosclerosis was evaluated by intima–media thickness of the bulb of the left common carotid artery (cIMT) utilizing high-resolution ultrasonography. Multivariable linear regression analysis with adjustments for age, sex, cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterols, fasting glucose, waist circumference, serum uric acid and serum triglycerides were utilized to determine the correlation between CRF and cIMT. CRF was independently correlated with cIMT (standardized β: 0.11, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Of the cardiometabolic risk markers, serum triglycerides were the only independent risk marker of cIMT (standardized β: 0.063, <i>p</i> = 0.03). In addition, the association of CRF with cIMT did not differ between those with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m<sup>2</sup> and those with BMI < 25 kg/m<sup>2</sup> (standardized β: 0.103 and 0.117; <i>p</i> = 0.01 and 0.005, respectively). <b>Conclusions:</b> In physically active young men and women, there was an inverse association of cIMT with CRF, which was observed in both overweight/mild obesity and normal-weight individuals, highlighting the importance of endurance capacity on reducing risk of early atherosclerosis and implying that the moderation effect of body adiposity might not be present in this population. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:05:15Z |
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| id | doaj.art-26fffc4be5934f248e497875513cc3ae |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0383 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:05:15Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-26fffc4be5934f248e497875513cc3ae2023-12-03T14:07:23ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832022-06-011113365310.3390/jcm11133653Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Carotid Intima–Media Thickness in Physically Active Young Adults: CHIEF Atherosclerosis StudyGen-Min Lin0Pang-Yen Liu1Kun-Zhe Tsai2Yu-Kai Lin3Wei-Chun Huang4Carl J. Lavie5Department of Medicine, Hualien Armed Forces General Hospital, No. 100, Jinfeng St., Hualien 970, TaiwanDepartment of Medicine, Hualien Armed Forces General Hospital, No. 100, Jinfeng St., Hualien 970, TaiwanDepartment of Medicine, Hualien Armed Forces General Hospital, No. 100, Jinfeng St., Hualien 970, TaiwanDepartment of Medicine, Hualien Armed Forces General Hospital, No. 100, Jinfeng St., Hualien 970, TaiwanDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813414, TaiwanJohn Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School, The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70121, USA<b>Background:</b> The relationship of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) with subclinical atherosclerosis affected by the body adiposity has been observed in children, whereas this relationship remains unclear in young adults. <b>Methods and Results:</b> A total of 1520 military recruits, aged 18–40 years, were included in Taiwan in 2018–2020. All subjects underwent detailed physical and blood laboratory examinations. CRF was evaluated by time for a 3000 m run, and subclinical atherosclerosis was evaluated by intima–media thickness of the bulb of the left common carotid artery (cIMT) utilizing high-resolution ultrasonography. Multivariable linear regression analysis with adjustments for age, sex, cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterols, fasting glucose, waist circumference, serum uric acid and serum triglycerides were utilized to determine the correlation between CRF and cIMT. CRF was independently correlated with cIMT (standardized β: 0.11, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Of the cardiometabolic risk markers, serum triglycerides were the only independent risk marker of cIMT (standardized β: 0.063, <i>p</i> = 0.03). In addition, the association of CRF with cIMT did not differ between those with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m<sup>2</sup> and those with BMI < 25 kg/m<sup>2</sup> (standardized β: 0.103 and 0.117; <i>p</i> = 0.01 and 0.005, respectively). <b>Conclusions:</b> In physically active young men and women, there was an inverse association of cIMT with CRF, which was observed in both overweight/mild obesity and normal-weight individuals, highlighting the importance of endurance capacity on reducing risk of early atherosclerosis and implying that the moderation effect of body adiposity might not be present in this population.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/13/3653cardiometabolic risk factorscardiorespiratory fitnesscarotid intima–media thicknessyoung adults |
| spellingShingle | Gen-Min Lin Pang-Yen Liu Kun-Zhe Tsai Yu-Kai Lin Wei-Chun Huang Carl J. Lavie Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Carotid Intima–Media Thickness in Physically Active Young Adults: CHIEF Atherosclerosis Study Journal of Clinical Medicine cardiometabolic risk factors cardiorespiratory fitness carotid intima–media thickness young adults |
| title | Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Carotid Intima–Media Thickness in Physically Active Young Adults: CHIEF Atherosclerosis Study |
| title_full | Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Carotid Intima–Media Thickness in Physically Active Young Adults: CHIEF Atherosclerosis Study |
| title_fullStr | Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Carotid Intima–Media Thickness in Physically Active Young Adults: CHIEF Atherosclerosis Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Carotid Intima–Media Thickness in Physically Active Young Adults: CHIEF Atherosclerosis Study |
| title_short | Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Carotid Intima–Media Thickness in Physically Active Young Adults: CHIEF Atherosclerosis Study |
| title_sort | cardiorespiratory fitness and carotid intima media thickness in physically active young adults chief atherosclerosis study |
| topic | cardiometabolic risk factors cardiorespiratory fitness carotid intima–media thickness young adults |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/13/3653 |
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