The Fabrication of Halogen-Doped FeWO<sub>4</sub> Heterostructure Anchored over Graphene Oxide Nanosheets for the Sunlight-Driven Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue Dye
Rapid industrialization and urbanization are the two significant issues causing environmental pollution. The polluted water from various industries contains refractory organic materials such as dyes. Heterogeneous photocatalysis using semiconductor metal oxides is an effective remediation technique...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/20/7022 |
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| author | Muhammad Irfan Noor Tahir Muhammad Zahid Saima Noreen Muhammad Yaseen Muhammad Shahbaz Ghulam Mustafa Rana Abdul Shakoor Imran Shahid |
| author_facet | Muhammad Irfan Noor Tahir Muhammad Zahid Saima Noreen Muhammad Yaseen Muhammad Shahbaz Ghulam Mustafa Rana Abdul Shakoor Imran Shahid |
| author_sort | Muhammad Irfan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Rapid industrialization and urbanization are the two significant issues causing environmental pollution. The polluted water from various industries contains refractory organic materials such as dyes. Heterogeneous photocatalysis using semiconductor metal oxides is an effective remediation technique for wastewater treatment. In this research, we used a co-precipitation-assisted hydrothermal method to synthesize a novel I-FeWO<sub>4</sub>/GO sunlight-active nanocomposite. Introducing dopant reductive iodine species improved the catalytic activity of FeWO<sub>4</sub>/GO. I<sup>−</sup> ions improved the catalytic performance of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> by doping into FeWO<sub>4</sub>/GO composite. Due to I<sup>−</sup> doping and the introduction of graphene as a support medium, enhanced charge separation and transfer were observed, which is crucial for efficient heterogeneous surface reactions. Various techniques, like FTIR, SEM-EDX, XRD, and UV–Vis spectroscopy, were used to characterize composites. The Tauc plot method was used to calculate pristine and iodine-doped FeWO<sub>4</sub>/GO bandgap. Iodine doping reduced the bandgap from 2.8 eV to 2.6 eV. The degradation of methylene blue (MB) was evaluated by optimizing various parameters like catalyst concentration, oxidant dose, pH, and time. The optimum conditions for photocatalysts where maximum degradation occurred were pH = 7 for both FeWO<sub>4</sub>/GO and I-FeWO<sub>4</sub>/GO; oxidant dose = 9 mM and 7 mM for FeWO<sub>4</sub>/GO and I-FeWO<sub>4</sub>/GO; and catalyst concentration = 30 mg and 35 mg/100 mL for FeWO<sub>4</sub>/GO and I-FeWO<sub>4</sub>/GO; the optimum time was 120 min. Under these optimum conditions, FeWO<sub>4</sub>/GO and I-FeWO<sub>4</sub>/GO showed 92.0% and 97.0% degradation of MB dye. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:00:23Z |
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| id | doaj.art-2701920c9f8f44a297df7878a82bb724 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:00:23Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
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| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-2701920c9f8f44a297df7878a82bb7242023-11-19T17:31:36ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492023-10-012820702210.3390/molecules28207022The Fabrication of Halogen-Doped FeWO<sub>4</sub> Heterostructure Anchored over Graphene Oxide Nanosheets for the Sunlight-Driven Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue DyeMuhammad Irfan0Noor Tahir1Muhammad Zahid2Saima Noreen3Muhammad Yaseen4Muhammad Shahbaz5Ghulam Mustafa6Rana Abdul Shakoor7Imran Shahid8Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, PakistanDepartment of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, PakistanDepartment of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, PakistanDepartment of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, PakistanDepartment of Physics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, PakistanPunjab Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Faisalabad 38800, PakistanDepartment of Chemistry, University of Okara, Okara 56300, PakistanCenter for Advanced Materials (CAM), Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, QatarEnvironmental Science Center, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, QatarRapid industrialization and urbanization are the two significant issues causing environmental pollution. The polluted water from various industries contains refractory organic materials such as dyes. Heterogeneous photocatalysis using semiconductor metal oxides is an effective remediation technique for wastewater treatment. In this research, we used a co-precipitation-assisted hydrothermal method to synthesize a novel I-FeWO<sub>4</sub>/GO sunlight-active nanocomposite. Introducing dopant reductive iodine species improved the catalytic activity of FeWO<sub>4</sub>/GO. I<sup>−</sup> ions improved the catalytic performance of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> by doping into FeWO<sub>4</sub>/GO composite. Due to I<sup>−</sup> doping and the introduction of graphene as a support medium, enhanced charge separation and transfer were observed, which is crucial for efficient heterogeneous surface reactions. Various techniques, like FTIR, SEM-EDX, XRD, and UV–Vis spectroscopy, were used to characterize composites. The Tauc plot method was used to calculate pristine and iodine-doped FeWO<sub>4</sub>/GO bandgap. Iodine doping reduced the bandgap from 2.8 eV to 2.6 eV. The degradation of methylene blue (MB) was evaluated by optimizing various parameters like catalyst concentration, oxidant dose, pH, and time. The optimum conditions for photocatalysts where maximum degradation occurred were pH = 7 for both FeWO<sub>4</sub>/GO and I-FeWO<sub>4</sub>/GO; oxidant dose = 9 mM and 7 mM for FeWO<sub>4</sub>/GO and I-FeWO<sub>4</sub>/GO; and catalyst concentration = 30 mg and 35 mg/100 mL for FeWO<sub>4</sub>/GO and I-FeWO<sub>4</sub>/GO; the optimum time was 120 min. Under these optimum conditions, FeWO<sub>4</sub>/GO and I-FeWO<sub>4</sub>/GO showed 92.0% and 97.0% degradation of MB dye.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/20/7022iodine dopinghalogenationmethylene blue degradationphoto-Fentonheterogeneous catalysiswastewater treatment |
| spellingShingle | Muhammad Irfan Noor Tahir Muhammad Zahid Saima Noreen Muhammad Yaseen Muhammad Shahbaz Ghulam Mustafa Rana Abdul Shakoor Imran Shahid The Fabrication of Halogen-Doped FeWO<sub>4</sub> Heterostructure Anchored over Graphene Oxide Nanosheets for the Sunlight-Driven Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue Dye Molecules iodine doping halogenation methylene blue degradation photo-Fenton heterogeneous catalysis wastewater treatment |
| title | The Fabrication of Halogen-Doped FeWO<sub>4</sub> Heterostructure Anchored over Graphene Oxide Nanosheets for the Sunlight-Driven Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue Dye |
| title_full | The Fabrication of Halogen-Doped FeWO<sub>4</sub> Heterostructure Anchored over Graphene Oxide Nanosheets for the Sunlight-Driven Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue Dye |
| title_fullStr | The Fabrication of Halogen-Doped FeWO<sub>4</sub> Heterostructure Anchored over Graphene Oxide Nanosheets for the Sunlight-Driven Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue Dye |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Fabrication of Halogen-Doped FeWO<sub>4</sub> Heterostructure Anchored over Graphene Oxide Nanosheets for the Sunlight-Driven Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue Dye |
| title_short | The Fabrication of Halogen-Doped FeWO<sub>4</sub> Heterostructure Anchored over Graphene Oxide Nanosheets for the Sunlight-Driven Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue Dye |
| title_sort | fabrication of halogen doped fewo sub 4 sub heterostructure anchored over graphene oxide nanosheets for the sunlight driven photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye |
| topic | iodine doping halogenation methylene blue degradation photo-Fenton heterogeneous catalysis wastewater treatment |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/20/7022 |
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