Deep Search for Gamma-Ray Emission from the Accreting X-Ray Pulsar 1A 0535+262
Binary systems are a well-established subclass of gamma-ray sources. The high mass X-ray binary pulsar 1A 0535+262 has been considered to be a possible gamma-ray emitter for a long time, although former gamma-ray searches using the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) and VERITAS data resulted in upper...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IOP Publishing
2023-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acaec7 |
| _version_ | 1797697171152175104 |
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| author | X. Hou W. Zhang D. F. Torres L. Ji J. Li |
| author_facet | X. Hou W. Zhang D. F. Torres L. Ji J. Li |
| author_sort | X. Hou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Binary systems are a well-established subclass of gamma-ray sources. The high mass X-ray binary pulsar 1A 0535+262 has been considered to be a possible gamma-ray emitter for a long time, although former gamma-ray searches using the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) and VERITAS data resulted in upper limits only. We aim at a deep search for gamma-ray emission and pulsations from 1A 0535+262 using more than 13 yr of Fermi-LAT data. The analysis was performed for both the whole Fermi-LAT data set, as well as for the X-ray outbursts that 1A 0535+262 has experienced since the launch of Fermi. Various X‐ray observations have been used to generate the ephemeris for the pulsation search. We also investigate the long-term gamma-ray flux variability and perform orbital phase-resolved analysis for the outbursts. We did not detect any steady or pulsed gamma-ray emission from 1A 0535+262 during the whole Fermi-LAT mission span or its X-ray outbursts. We thus derived the deepest gamma-ray luminosity upper limits to date at the 95% confidence level to be around (2.3–4.7) × 10 ^32 erg s ^−1 depending on different spectral indices assumed, which results in a ratio of L _γ to L _X (2–150 keV) being (1.9–3.9) × 10 ^−6 . |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T03:36:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-270e023196394f6aa4cff0997e71feed |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T03:36:26Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-270e023196394f6aa4cff0997e71feed2023-09-03T13:08:37ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572023-01-0194415710.3847/1538-4357/acaec7Deep Search for Gamma-Ray Emission from the Accreting X-Ray Pulsar 1A 0535+262X. Hou0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0933-6101W. Zhang1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2839-1325D. F. Torres2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1522-9065L. Ji3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9599-7285J. Li4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1720-9727Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650216, People's Republic of China ; xhou@ynao.ac.cn; Key Laboratory for the Structure and Evolution of Celestial Objects, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650216, People's Republic of ChinaInstitute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC) , Campus UAB, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain ; dtorres@ice.csic.es; Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC) , E-08034 Barcelona, SpainInstitute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC) , Campus UAB, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain ; dtorres@ice.csic.es; Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC) , E-08034 Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) , E-08010 Barcelona, SpainSchool of Physics and Astronomy, Sun Yat-Sen University , Zhuhai 519082, People's Republic of ChinaCAS Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology , Department of Astronomy, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People's Republic of China; School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, People's Republic of ChinaBinary systems are a well-established subclass of gamma-ray sources. The high mass X-ray binary pulsar 1A 0535+262 has been considered to be a possible gamma-ray emitter for a long time, although former gamma-ray searches using the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) and VERITAS data resulted in upper limits only. We aim at a deep search for gamma-ray emission and pulsations from 1A 0535+262 using more than 13 yr of Fermi-LAT data. The analysis was performed for both the whole Fermi-LAT data set, as well as for the X-ray outbursts that 1A 0535+262 has experienced since the launch of Fermi. Various X‐ray observations have been used to generate the ephemeris for the pulsation search. We also investigate the long-term gamma-ray flux variability and perform orbital phase-resolved analysis for the outbursts. We did not detect any steady or pulsed gamma-ray emission from 1A 0535+262 during the whole Fermi-LAT mission span or its X-ray outbursts. We thus derived the deepest gamma-ray luminosity upper limits to date at the 95% confidence level to be around (2.3–4.7) × 10 ^32 erg s ^−1 depending on different spectral indices assumed, which results in a ratio of L _γ to L _X (2–150 keV) being (1.9–3.9) × 10 ^−6 .https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acaec7Binary pulsarsX-ray binary starsGamma-ray sources |
| spellingShingle | X. Hou W. Zhang D. F. Torres L. Ji J. Li Deep Search for Gamma-Ray Emission from the Accreting X-Ray Pulsar 1A 0535+262 The Astrophysical Journal Binary pulsars X-ray binary stars Gamma-ray sources |
| title | Deep Search for Gamma-Ray Emission from the Accreting X-Ray Pulsar 1A 0535+262 |
| title_full | Deep Search for Gamma-Ray Emission from the Accreting X-Ray Pulsar 1A 0535+262 |
| title_fullStr | Deep Search for Gamma-Ray Emission from the Accreting X-Ray Pulsar 1A 0535+262 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Deep Search for Gamma-Ray Emission from the Accreting X-Ray Pulsar 1A 0535+262 |
| title_short | Deep Search for Gamma-Ray Emission from the Accreting X-Ray Pulsar 1A 0535+262 |
| title_sort | deep search for gamma ray emission from the accreting x ray pulsar 1a 0535 262 |
| topic | Binary pulsars X-ray binary stars Gamma-ray sources |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acaec7 |
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