Enhanced Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Potentials of Lipopolysaccharides-Injected <i>Musca domestica</i> Larvae
The usage of insects as a sustainable and functional natural products resource is a new promise in complementary and alternative medicine. The present study aimed to investigate the ability of <i>Musca domestica</i> (housefly) larval hemolymph (insect blood) to display the enhanced in vi...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2020-11-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceutics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/12/11/1111 |
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| author | Islam El-Garawani Hesham El-Seedi Shaden Khalifa Islam H. El Azab Marwa Abouhendia Shaymaa Mahmoud |
| author_facet | Islam El-Garawani Hesham El-Seedi Shaden Khalifa Islam H. El Azab Marwa Abouhendia Shaymaa Mahmoud |
| author_sort | Islam El-Garawani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The usage of insects as a sustainable and functional natural products resource is a new promise in complementary and alternative medicine. The present study aimed to investigate the ability of <i>Musca domestica</i> (housefly) larval hemolymph (insect blood) to display the enhanced in vitro antioxidant and cytotoxic effects. The oxidative stress (OS) was elicited by inducing lipopolysaccharides (LPS) treatment as an exogenous stressor. Determination of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and mRNA and protein expressions of SOD1, was investigated as confirmatory markers of oxidative stress induction. Cytotoxicity on cancerous MCF-7 and normal Vero cells were also evaluated using an MTT assay at 24 h post-injection. The injection of LPS induced a significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) increase in SOD, GSH and TAC, whereas, the MDA was diminished. Hemolymph was collected from normal and treated larvae after 6, 12 and 24 h. The <i>M. domestica</i> superoxide dismutase (<i>Md</i>SOD1) transcripts were significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) upregulated 6 and 12 h post-treatment, while a significant downregulation was observed after 24 h. Western blot analysis showed that <i>Md</i>SOD1 was expressed in the hemolymph of the treated larvae with an increase of 1.2 folds at 6 and 12 h and 1.6 folds at 24 h relative to the control group. LPS-treated larval hemolymphs exhibited significant cytotoxicity with respect to the untreated ones against MCF-7 while Vero cells showed no cytotoxicity for both hemolymphs. The DPPH free radical scavenging activity was examined and a significant antioxidant potential potency was observed at 6 h (50% maximal inhibitory concentration (IC<sub>50</sub>): 63.3 ± 3.51 µg/mL) when compared to the control <i>M. domestica</i> larval hemolymph (IC<sub>50</sub>: 611.7 ± 10.41 µg/mL). Taken together, <i>M. domestica</i> larval hemolymph exhibited enhanced antioxidant and consequently increased cytotoxic capacities under stressed conditions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:44:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-270f15daa9d14fc4af21ef3d1d9a2544 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4923 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:44:35Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
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| series | Pharmaceutics |
| spelling | doaj.art-270f15daa9d14fc4af21ef3d1d9a25442023-11-20T21:30:07ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232020-11-011211111110.3390/pharmaceutics12111111Enhanced Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Potentials of Lipopolysaccharides-Injected <i>Musca domestica</i> LarvaeIslam El-Garawani0Hesham El-Seedi1Shaden Khalifa2Islam H. El Azab3Marwa Abouhendia4Shaymaa Mahmoud5Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Menoufia 32511, EgyptDepartment of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, S-10691 Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, S-10691 Stockholm, SwedenChemistry Department, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Menoufia 32511, EgyptDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Menoufia 32511, EgyptThe usage of insects as a sustainable and functional natural products resource is a new promise in complementary and alternative medicine. The present study aimed to investigate the ability of <i>Musca domestica</i> (housefly) larval hemolymph (insect blood) to display the enhanced in vitro antioxidant and cytotoxic effects. The oxidative stress (OS) was elicited by inducing lipopolysaccharides (LPS) treatment as an exogenous stressor. Determination of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and mRNA and protein expressions of SOD1, was investigated as confirmatory markers of oxidative stress induction. Cytotoxicity on cancerous MCF-7 and normal Vero cells were also evaluated using an MTT assay at 24 h post-injection. The injection of LPS induced a significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) increase in SOD, GSH and TAC, whereas, the MDA was diminished. Hemolymph was collected from normal and treated larvae after 6, 12 and 24 h. The <i>M. domestica</i> superoxide dismutase (<i>Md</i>SOD1) transcripts were significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) upregulated 6 and 12 h post-treatment, while a significant downregulation was observed after 24 h. Western blot analysis showed that <i>Md</i>SOD1 was expressed in the hemolymph of the treated larvae with an increase of 1.2 folds at 6 and 12 h and 1.6 folds at 24 h relative to the control group. LPS-treated larval hemolymphs exhibited significant cytotoxicity with respect to the untreated ones against MCF-7 while Vero cells showed no cytotoxicity for both hemolymphs. The DPPH free radical scavenging activity was examined and a significant antioxidant potential potency was observed at 6 h (50% maximal inhibitory concentration (IC<sub>50</sub>): 63.3 ± 3.51 µg/mL) when compared to the control <i>M. domestica</i> larval hemolymph (IC<sub>50</sub>: 611.7 ± 10.41 µg/mL). Taken together, <i>M. domestica</i> larval hemolymph exhibited enhanced antioxidant and consequently increased cytotoxic capacities under stressed conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/12/11/1111<i>M. domestica</i> larvahemolymphlipopolysaccharidesantioxidantcytotoxicitysuperoxide dismutase 1 |
| spellingShingle | Islam El-Garawani Hesham El-Seedi Shaden Khalifa Islam H. El Azab Marwa Abouhendia Shaymaa Mahmoud Enhanced Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Potentials of Lipopolysaccharides-Injected <i>Musca domestica</i> Larvae Pharmaceutics <i>M. domestica</i> larva hemolymph lipopolysaccharides antioxidant cytotoxicity superoxide dismutase 1 |
| title | Enhanced Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Potentials of Lipopolysaccharides-Injected <i>Musca domestica</i> Larvae |
| title_full | Enhanced Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Potentials of Lipopolysaccharides-Injected <i>Musca domestica</i> Larvae |
| title_fullStr | Enhanced Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Potentials of Lipopolysaccharides-Injected <i>Musca domestica</i> Larvae |
| title_full_unstemmed | Enhanced Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Potentials of Lipopolysaccharides-Injected <i>Musca domestica</i> Larvae |
| title_short | Enhanced Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Potentials of Lipopolysaccharides-Injected <i>Musca domestica</i> Larvae |
| title_sort | enhanced antioxidant and cytotoxic potentials of lipopolysaccharides injected i musca domestica i larvae |
| topic | <i>M. domestica</i> larva hemolymph lipopolysaccharides antioxidant cytotoxicity superoxide dismutase 1 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/12/11/1111 |
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