Malaria: biochemical, physiological, diagnostic, and therapeutic updates
Background Malaria has been appraised as a significant vector-borne parasitic disease with grave morbidity and high-rate mortality. Several challenges have been confronting the efficient diagnosis and treatment of malaria. Method Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and the Egyptian Knowledge Ban...
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PeerJ Inc.
2024-03-01
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| Online Access: | https://peerj.com/articles/17084.pdf |
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| author | Enas El Saftawy Mohamed F. Farag Hossam H. Gebreil Mohamed Abdelfatah Basma Emad Aboulhoda Mansour Alghamdi Emad A. Albadawi Marwa Ali Abd Elkhalek |
| author_facet | Enas El Saftawy Mohamed F. Farag Hossam H. Gebreil Mohamed Abdelfatah Basma Emad Aboulhoda Mansour Alghamdi Emad A. Albadawi Marwa Ali Abd Elkhalek |
| author_sort | Enas El Saftawy |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background Malaria has been appraised as a significant vector-borne parasitic disease with grave morbidity and high-rate mortality. Several challenges have been confronting the efficient diagnosis and treatment of malaria. Method Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and the Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB) were all used to gather articles. Results Diverse biochemical and physiological indices can mirror complicated malaria e.g., hypoglycemia, dyslipidemia, elevated renal and hepatic functions in addition to the lower antioxidant capacity that does not only destroy the parasite but also induces endothelial damage. Multiple trials have been conducted to improve recent points of care in malaria involving biosensors, lap on-chip, and microdevices technology. Regarding recent therapeutic trials, chemical falcipain inhibitors and plant extracts with anti-plasmodial activities are presented. Moreover, antimalaria nano-medicine and the emergence of nanocarrier (either active or passive) in drug transportation are promising. The combination therapeutic trials e.g., amodiaquine + artemether + lumefantrine are presented to safely counterbalance the emerging drug resistance in addition to the Tafenoquine as a new anti-relapse therapy. Conclusion Recognizing the pathophysiology indices potentiate diagnosis of malaria. The new points of care can smartly manipulate the biochemical and hematological alterations for a more sensitive and specific diagnosis of malaria. Nano-medicine appeared promising. Chemical and plant extracts remain points of research. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T19:50:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-270f755bd5224f8a96521ed45b9cd265 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2167-8359 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T19:50:19Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | PeerJ Inc. |
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| series | PeerJ |
| spelling | doaj.art-270f755bd5224f8a96521ed45b9cd2652024-03-24T15:05:12ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592024-03-0112e1708410.7717/peerj.17084Malaria: biochemical, physiological, diagnostic, and therapeutic updatesEnas El Saftawy0Mohamed F. Farag1Hossam H. Gebreil2Mohamed Abdelfatah3Basma Emad Aboulhoda4Mansour Alghamdi5Emad A. Albadawi6Marwa Ali Abd Elkhalek7Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Giza, EgyptDepartment of Medical Physiology, Armed Forces College of Medicine, Cairo, Giza, EgyptDepartment of Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Armed Forces College of Medicine, Cairo, EgyptDepartment of Medical Physiology, Armed Forces College of Medicine, Cairo, Giza, EgyptDepartment of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Giza, EgyptDepartment of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Armed Forces College of Medicine, Cairo, EgyptBackground Malaria has been appraised as a significant vector-borne parasitic disease with grave morbidity and high-rate mortality. Several challenges have been confronting the efficient diagnosis and treatment of malaria. Method Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and the Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB) were all used to gather articles. Results Diverse biochemical and physiological indices can mirror complicated malaria e.g., hypoglycemia, dyslipidemia, elevated renal and hepatic functions in addition to the lower antioxidant capacity that does not only destroy the parasite but also induces endothelial damage. Multiple trials have been conducted to improve recent points of care in malaria involving biosensors, lap on-chip, and microdevices technology. Regarding recent therapeutic trials, chemical falcipain inhibitors and plant extracts with anti-plasmodial activities are presented. Moreover, antimalaria nano-medicine and the emergence of nanocarrier (either active or passive) in drug transportation are promising. The combination therapeutic trials e.g., amodiaquine + artemether + lumefantrine are presented to safely counterbalance the emerging drug resistance in addition to the Tafenoquine as a new anti-relapse therapy. Conclusion Recognizing the pathophysiology indices potentiate diagnosis of malaria. The new points of care can smartly manipulate the biochemical and hematological alterations for a more sensitive and specific diagnosis of malaria. Nano-medicine appeared promising. Chemical and plant extracts remain points of research.https://peerj.com/articles/17084.pdfMalariaBiochemicalPhysiologicalPoint of careNanomedicinePlant extract |
| spellingShingle | Enas El Saftawy Mohamed F. Farag Hossam H. Gebreil Mohamed Abdelfatah Basma Emad Aboulhoda Mansour Alghamdi Emad A. Albadawi Marwa Ali Abd Elkhalek Malaria: biochemical, physiological, diagnostic, and therapeutic updates PeerJ Malaria Biochemical Physiological Point of care Nanomedicine Plant extract |
| title | Malaria: biochemical, physiological, diagnostic, and therapeutic updates |
| title_full | Malaria: biochemical, physiological, diagnostic, and therapeutic updates |
| title_fullStr | Malaria: biochemical, physiological, diagnostic, and therapeutic updates |
| title_full_unstemmed | Malaria: biochemical, physiological, diagnostic, and therapeutic updates |
| title_short | Malaria: biochemical, physiological, diagnostic, and therapeutic updates |
| title_sort | malaria biochemical physiological diagnostic and therapeutic updates |
| topic | Malaria Biochemical Physiological Point of care Nanomedicine Plant extract |
| url | https://peerj.com/articles/17084.pdf |
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