Development and Psychometric Validation of the Breast Cancer Stigma Assessment Scale for Women with Breast Cancer and Its Survivors
Background: The increase in breast cancer cases and breast cancer survival makes it advisable to quantify the impact of the health-related stigma of this disease. Purpose/Objectives: To develop and validate a breast cancer stigma scale in Spanish. Methods: Women diagnosed with, or survivors of, brea...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Healthcare |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/12/4/420 |
| _version_ | 1797298127010529280 |
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| author | Judit Cenit-García Carolina Buendia-Gilabert Carmen Contreras-Molina Daniel Puente-Fernández Rafael Fernández-Castillo María Paz García-Caro |
| author_facet | Judit Cenit-García Carolina Buendia-Gilabert Carmen Contreras-Molina Daniel Puente-Fernández Rafael Fernández-Castillo María Paz García-Caro |
| author_sort | Judit Cenit-García |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: The increase in breast cancer cases and breast cancer survival makes it advisable to quantify the impact of the health-related stigma of this disease. Purpose/Objectives: To develop and validate a breast cancer stigma scale in Spanish. Methods: Women diagnosed with, or survivors of, breast cancer were included. The development of the Breast Cancer Stigma Assessment Scale (BCSAS) involved both a literature review and personal interviews. Content validity was assessed using a Delphi study and a pilot test; construct validity was evaluated using an exploratory factor analysis; and convergent validity was assessed using six scales. Cronbach’s α internal consistency and test-retest reliability were used to determine the reliability of the scales. Results: 231 women responded to the 28-item scale. The BCSAS showed good reliability, with α = 0.897. Seven factors emerged: concealment (α = 0.765), disturbance (α = 0.772), internalized stigma (α = 0.750), aesthetics (α = 0.779), course (α = 0.599), danger (α = 0.502), and origin (α = 0.350). The test-retest reliability was 0.830 (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Significant correlation was observed with event centrality (r = 0.701), anxiety–depression (r = 0.668), shame (r = 0.645), guilt (r = 0.524), and quality of life (r = −0.545). Conclusions: The BCSAS is a reliable and valid measure of stigma in women with breast cancer and its survivors. It could be useful for detecting stigma risk and establishing psychotherapeutic and care priorities. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:30:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-27207ef47bbe4f51946377f4984e53ce |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9032 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:30:21Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Healthcare |
| spelling | doaj.art-27207ef47bbe4f51946377f4984e53ce2024-02-23T15:18:11ZengMDPI AGHealthcare2227-90322024-02-0112442010.3390/healthcare12040420Development and Psychometric Validation of the Breast Cancer Stigma Assessment Scale for Women with Breast Cancer and Its SurvivorsJudit Cenit-García0Carolina Buendia-Gilabert1Carmen Contreras-Molina2Daniel Puente-Fernández3Rafael Fernández-Castillo4María Paz García-Caro5Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, 18014 Granada, SpainMedical Oncology Unit, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, SpainVirgen de las Nieves University Hospital, 18014 Granada, Spainibs.GRANADA—Biosanitary Research Institute, 18012 Granada, SpainDepartment of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Avda. de la Ilustración, 60, 18016 Granada, Spainibs.GRANADA—Biosanitary Research Institute, 18012 Granada, SpainBackground: The increase in breast cancer cases and breast cancer survival makes it advisable to quantify the impact of the health-related stigma of this disease. Purpose/Objectives: To develop and validate a breast cancer stigma scale in Spanish. Methods: Women diagnosed with, or survivors of, breast cancer were included. The development of the Breast Cancer Stigma Assessment Scale (BCSAS) involved both a literature review and personal interviews. Content validity was assessed using a Delphi study and a pilot test; construct validity was evaluated using an exploratory factor analysis; and convergent validity was assessed using six scales. Cronbach’s α internal consistency and test-retest reliability were used to determine the reliability of the scales. Results: 231 women responded to the 28-item scale. The BCSAS showed good reliability, with α = 0.897. Seven factors emerged: concealment (α = 0.765), disturbance (α = 0.772), internalized stigma (α = 0.750), aesthetics (α = 0.779), course (α = 0.599), danger (α = 0.502), and origin (α = 0.350). The test-retest reliability was 0.830 (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Significant correlation was observed with event centrality (r = 0.701), anxiety–depression (r = 0.668), shame (r = 0.645), guilt (r = 0.524), and quality of life (r = −0.545). Conclusions: The BCSAS is a reliable and valid measure of stigma in women with breast cancer and its survivors. It could be useful for detecting stigma risk and establishing psychotherapeutic and care priorities.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/12/4/420breast neoplasmcancersocial stigmapatientscancer survivorsvalidation study |
| spellingShingle | Judit Cenit-García Carolina Buendia-Gilabert Carmen Contreras-Molina Daniel Puente-Fernández Rafael Fernández-Castillo María Paz García-Caro Development and Psychometric Validation of the Breast Cancer Stigma Assessment Scale for Women with Breast Cancer and Its Survivors Healthcare breast neoplasm cancer social stigma patients cancer survivors validation study |
| title | Development and Psychometric Validation of the Breast Cancer Stigma Assessment Scale for Women with Breast Cancer and Its Survivors |
| title_full | Development and Psychometric Validation of the Breast Cancer Stigma Assessment Scale for Women with Breast Cancer and Its Survivors |
| title_fullStr | Development and Psychometric Validation of the Breast Cancer Stigma Assessment Scale for Women with Breast Cancer and Its Survivors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development and Psychometric Validation of the Breast Cancer Stigma Assessment Scale for Women with Breast Cancer and Its Survivors |
| title_short | Development and Psychometric Validation of the Breast Cancer Stigma Assessment Scale for Women with Breast Cancer and Its Survivors |
| title_sort | development and psychometric validation of the breast cancer stigma assessment scale for women with breast cancer and its survivors |
| topic | breast neoplasm cancer social stigma patients cancer survivors validation study |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/12/4/420 |
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