Factors Affecting the Serum Cotinine Level of Male Smokers in Malang, Indonesia
Background: In tobacco, nicotine is the primary toxic agent that causes health problems. As a primary metabolite of nicotine, cotinine is frequently used as an accurate measure of exposure to tobacco smoke. This study aims to find the factors affecting the serum cotinine level of male smokers in Mal...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
2023-09-01
|
| Series: | International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://journals.sbmu.ac.ir/ijmtfm/article/view/40130 |
| _version_ | 1797666631288094720 |
|---|---|
| author | Kumboyono Kumboyono Indah Nur Chomsy Wahyu Santoso Hidayat Ardhi Khoirul Hakim Nadya Neyza Shalshabilla Hidayat Sujuti Cholid Tri Tjahtjono Arie Srihardyastutie Tita Hariyanti Titin Andri Wihastuti |
| author_facet | Kumboyono Kumboyono Indah Nur Chomsy Wahyu Santoso Hidayat Ardhi Khoirul Hakim Nadya Neyza Shalshabilla Hidayat Sujuti Cholid Tri Tjahtjono Arie Srihardyastutie Tita Hariyanti Titin Andri Wihastuti |
| author_sort | Kumboyono Kumboyono |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: In tobacco, nicotine is the primary toxic agent that causes health problems. As a primary metabolite of nicotine, cotinine is frequently used as an accurate measure of exposure to tobacco smoke. This study aims to find the factors affecting the serum cotinine level of male smokers in Malang, Indonesia.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 183 men who smoke regularly in Malang, Indonesia. They were selected by a purposive sampling method. Nicotine dependency and cotinine level were measured using the Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence and the human cotinine ELISA Kit, respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to determine the effect of age, smoking duration, cigarette type, and the nicotine dependence on the continue level. ANOVA and independent t-test were also used for testing the study hypothesis. The significance level was set at 0.05.
Results: Based on the ANOVA results, the factors of age, smoking duration, type of cigarette, and nicotine dependence together had a significant effect on the cotinine level (P<0.001). Based on the independent t-test results, only the age factor had a significant effect on the cotinine level (P<0.001).
Conclusion: Older male smokers may have higher cotinine level. Other factors including duration of smoking, type of cigarette, and nicotine dependence have no significant effect on cotinine level of male smokers. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T20:01:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-272242238db2430591682a1d1812abd3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2251-8762 2251-8770 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T20:01:11Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-272242238db2430591682a1d1812abd32023-10-04T08:27:18ZengShaheed Beheshti University of Medical SciencesInternational Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine2251-87622251-87702023-09-01133401304013010.32598/ijmtfm.v13i3.4013033249Factors Affecting the Serum Cotinine Level of Male Smokers in Malang, IndonesiaKumboyono Kumboyono0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2124-8673Indah Nur Chomsy1Wahyu Santoso Hidayat2Ardhi Khoirul Hakim3Nadya Neyza Shalshabilla4Hidayat Sujuti5Cholid Tri Tjahtjono6Arie Srihardyastutie7Tita Hariyanti8Titin Andri Wihastuti9Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia.Department of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia.Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia.Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia.Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia.Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Anwar General Hospital, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia.Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia.Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia.Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia.Department of Basic Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia.Background: In tobacco, nicotine is the primary toxic agent that causes health problems. As a primary metabolite of nicotine, cotinine is frequently used as an accurate measure of exposure to tobacco smoke. This study aims to find the factors affecting the serum cotinine level of male smokers in Malang, Indonesia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 183 men who smoke regularly in Malang, Indonesia. They were selected by a purposive sampling method. Nicotine dependency and cotinine level were measured using the Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence and the human cotinine ELISA Kit, respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to determine the effect of age, smoking duration, cigarette type, and the nicotine dependence on the continue level. ANOVA and independent t-test were also used for testing the study hypothesis. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results: Based on the ANOVA results, the factors of age, smoking duration, type of cigarette, and nicotine dependence together had a significant effect on the cotinine level (P<0.001). Based on the independent t-test results, only the age factor had a significant effect on the cotinine level (P<0.001). Conclusion: Older male smokers may have higher cotinine level. Other factors including duration of smoking, type of cigarette, and nicotine dependence have no significant effect on cotinine level of male smokers.https://journals.sbmu.ac.ir/ijmtfm/article/view/40130smokingcotininenicotineaddictionrisk behaviouraging |
| spellingShingle | Kumboyono Kumboyono Indah Nur Chomsy Wahyu Santoso Hidayat Ardhi Khoirul Hakim Nadya Neyza Shalshabilla Hidayat Sujuti Cholid Tri Tjahtjono Arie Srihardyastutie Tita Hariyanti Titin Andri Wihastuti Factors Affecting the Serum Cotinine Level of Male Smokers in Malang, Indonesia International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine smoking cotinine nicotine addiction risk behaviour aging |
| title | Factors Affecting the Serum Cotinine Level of Male Smokers in Malang, Indonesia |
| title_full | Factors Affecting the Serum Cotinine Level of Male Smokers in Malang, Indonesia |
| title_fullStr | Factors Affecting the Serum Cotinine Level of Male Smokers in Malang, Indonesia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Factors Affecting the Serum Cotinine Level of Male Smokers in Malang, Indonesia |
| title_short | Factors Affecting the Serum Cotinine Level of Male Smokers in Malang, Indonesia |
| title_sort | factors affecting the serum cotinine level of male smokers in malang indonesia |
| topic | smoking cotinine nicotine addiction risk behaviour aging |
| url | https://journals.sbmu.ac.ir/ijmtfm/article/view/40130 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kumboyonokumboyono factorsaffectingtheserumcotininelevelofmalesmokersinmalangindonesia AT indahnurchomsy factorsaffectingtheserumcotininelevelofmalesmokersinmalangindonesia AT wahyusantosohidayat factorsaffectingtheserumcotininelevelofmalesmokersinmalangindonesia AT ardhikhoirulhakim factorsaffectingtheserumcotininelevelofmalesmokersinmalangindonesia AT nadyaneyzashalshabilla factorsaffectingtheserumcotininelevelofmalesmokersinmalangindonesia AT hidayatsujuti factorsaffectingtheserumcotininelevelofmalesmokersinmalangindonesia AT cholidtritjahtjono factorsaffectingtheserumcotininelevelofmalesmokersinmalangindonesia AT ariesrihardyastutie factorsaffectingtheserumcotininelevelofmalesmokersinmalangindonesia AT titahariyanti factorsaffectingtheserumcotininelevelofmalesmokersinmalangindonesia AT titinandriwihastuti factorsaffectingtheserumcotininelevelofmalesmokersinmalangindonesia |