Pedilanthus tithymaloides Inhibits HSV Infection by Modulating NF-κB Signaling.
Pedilanthus tithymaloides (PT), a widely used ethnomedicinal plant, has been employed to treat a number of skin conditions. To extend its utility and to fully exploit its medicinal potential, we have evaluated the in vitro antiviral activity of a methanolic extract of PT leaves and its isolated comp...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2015-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4583282?pdf=render |
| _version_ | 1818542977950154752 |
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| author | Durbadal Ojha Rashmi Das Parveen Sobia Vedprakash Dwivedi Soma Ghosh Amalesh Samanta Debprasad Chattopadhyay |
| author_facet | Durbadal Ojha Rashmi Das Parveen Sobia Vedprakash Dwivedi Soma Ghosh Amalesh Samanta Debprasad Chattopadhyay |
| author_sort | Durbadal Ojha |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Pedilanthus tithymaloides (PT), a widely used ethnomedicinal plant, has been employed to treat a number of skin conditions. To extend its utility and to fully exploit its medicinal potential, we have evaluated the in vitro antiviral activity of a methanolic extract of PT leaves and its isolated compounds against Herpes Simplex Virus type 2 (HSV-2). Bioactivity-guided studies revealed that the extract and one of its constituents, luteolin, had potent antiviral activity against wild-type and clinical isolates of HSV-2 (EC50 48.5-52.6 and 22.4-27.5 μg/ml, respectively), with nearly complete inhibition at 86.5-101.8 and 40.2-49.6 μg/ml, respectively. The inhibitory effect was significant (p<0.001) when the drug was added 2 h prior to infection, and was effective up to 4 h post-infection. As viral replication requires NF-κB activation, we examined whether the observed extract-induced inhibition of HSV-2 was related to NF-κB inhibition. Interestingly, we observed that treatment of HSV-2-infected cells with extract or luteolin suppressed NF-κB activation. Although NF-κB, JNK and MAPK activation was compromised during HSV replication, neither the extract nor luteolin affected HSV-2-induced JNK1/2 and MAPK activation. Moreover, the PT leaf extract and luteolin potently down-regulated the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, NO and iNOS and the production of gamma interferon (IFN-γ), which are directly involved in controlling the NF-κB signaling pathway. Thus, our results indicate that both PT leaf extract and luteolin modulate the NF-κB signaling pathway, resulting in the inhibition of HSV-2 replication. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T22:29:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2727289199f74773af2a33a9461de660 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T22:29:14Z |
| publishDate | 2015-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-2727289199f74773af2a33a9461de6602022-12-22T00:48:11ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032015-01-01109e013933810.1371/journal.pone.0139338Pedilanthus tithymaloides Inhibits HSV Infection by Modulating NF-κB Signaling.Durbadal OjhaRashmi DasParveen SobiaVedprakash DwivediSoma GhoshAmalesh SamantaDebprasad ChattopadhyayPedilanthus tithymaloides (PT), a widely used ethnomedicinal plant, has been employed to treat a number of skin conditions. To extend its utility and to fully exploit its medicinal potential, we have evaluated the in vitro antiviral activity of a methanolic extract of PT leaves and its isolated compounds against Herpes Simplex Virus type 2 (HSV-2). Bioactivity-guided studies revealed that the extract and one of its constituents, luteolin, had potent antiviral activity against wild-type and clinical isolates of HSV-2 (EC50 48.5-52.6 and 22.4-27.5 μg/ml, respectively), with nearly complete inhibition at 86.5-101.8 and 40.2-49.6 μg/ml, respectively. The inhibitory effect was significant (p<0.001) when the drug was added 2 h prior to infection, and was effective up to 4 h post-infection. As viral replication requires NF-κB activation, we examined whether the observed extract-induced inhibition of HSV-2 was related to NF-κB inhibition. Interestingly, we observed that treatment of HSV-2-infected cells with extract or luteolin suppressed NF-κB activation. Although NF-κB, JNK and MAPK activation was compromised during HSV replication, neither the extract nor luteolin affected HSV-2-induced JNK1/2 and MAPK activation. Moreover, the PT leaf extract and luteolin potently down-regulated the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, NO and iNOS and the production of gamma interferon (IFN-γ), which are directly involved in controlling the NF-κB signaling pathway. Thus, our results indicate that both PT leaf extract and luteolin modulate the NF-κB signaling pathway, resulting in the inhibition of HSV-2 replication.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4583282?pdf=render |
| spellingShingle | Durbadal Ojha Rashmi Das Parveen Sobia Vedprakash Dwivedi Soma Ghosh Amalesh Samanta Debprasad Chattopadhyay Pedilanthus tithymaloides Inhibits HSV Infection by Modulating NF-κB Signaling. PLoS ONE |
| title | Pedilanthus tithymaloides Inhibits HSV Infection by Modulating NF-κB Signaling. |
| title_full | Pedilanthus tithymaloides Inhibits HSV Infection by Modulating NF-κB Signaling. |
| title_fullStr | Pedilanthus tithymaloides Inhibits HSV Infection by Modulating NF-κB Signaling. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pedilanthus tithymaloides Inhibits HSV Infection by Modulating NF-κB Signaling. |
| title_short | Pedilanthus tithymaloides Inhibits HSV Infection by Modulating NF-κB Signaling. |
| title_sort | pedilanthus tithymaloides inhibits hsv infection by modulating nf κb signaling |
| url | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4583282?pdf=render |
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