Intrinsic Properties of Multi-Layer TiO<sub>2</sub>/V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> Coatings Prepared via E-Beam Evaporation
Nanocomposite multi-layer TiO<sub>2</sub>/V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> thin films were prepared via electron-beam evaporation using high-purity targets (TiO<sub>2</sub> and V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> pu...
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/11/3933 |
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| author | Irfa Rehman Muhammad Bilal Hanif Abdulaziz Salem Alghamdi Abdul Khaliq K. S. Abdel Halim Tayyab Subhani Martin Motola Abdul Faheem Khan |
| author_facet | Irfa Rehman Muhammad Bilal Hanif Abdulaziz Salem Alghamdi Abdul Khaliq K. S. Abdel Halim Tayyab Subhani Martin Motola Abdul Faheem Khan |
| author_sort | Irfa Rehman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Nanocomposite multi-layer TiO<sub>2</sub>/V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> thin films were prepared via electron-beam evaporation using high-purity targets (TiO<sub>2</sub> and V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> purity > 99.9%) at substrate temperatures of 270 °C (TiO<sub>2</sub>) and 25 °C (V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>) under a partial pressure of oxygen of 2 × 10<sup>−4</sup> mbar to maintain the stoichiometry. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry was used to confirm the layer structure and the optimal stoichiometry of the thin films, with a particle size of 20 to 40 nm. The thin films showed an optical transmittance of ~78% in the visible region and a reflectance of ~90% in the infrared. A decrease in transmittance was observed due to the greater cumulative thickness of the three layers and multiple reflections at the interface of the layers. The optical bandgap of the TiO<sub>2</sub> mono-layer was ~3.49 eV, whereas that of the multi-layer TiO<sub>2</sub>/V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> reached ~3.51 eV. The increase in the optical bandgap was due to the inter-diffusion of the layers at an elevated substrate temperature during the deposition. The intrinsic, structural, and morphological features of the TiO<sub>2</sub>/V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> thin films suggest their efficient use as a solar water heater system. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:08:05Z |
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| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:08:05Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-272863b454ae4c388f8e235e069ab8df2023-11-23T14:22:46ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442022-05-011511393310.3390/ma15113933Intrinsic Properties of Multi-Layer TiO<sub>2</sub>/V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> Coatings Prepared via E-Beam EvaporationIrfa Rehman0Muhammad Bilal Hanif1Abdulaziz Salem Alghamdi2Abdul Khaliq3K. S. Abdel Halim4Tayyab Subhani5Martin Motola6Abdul Faheem Khan7Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Space Technology, 1-National Highway, Islamabad 44000, PakistanDepartment of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, Mlynska Dolina, 842 15 Bratislava, SlovakiaCollege of Engineering, University of Ha’il, Ha’il P.O. Box 2440, Saudi ArabiaCollege of Engineering, University of Ha’il, Ha’il P.O. Box 2440, Saudi ArabiaCollege of Engineering, University of Ha’il, Ha’il P.O. Box 2440, Saudi ArabiaCollege of Engineering, University of Ha’il, Ha’il P.O. Box 2440, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, Mlynska Dolina, 842 15 Bratislava, SlovakiaDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Space Technology, 1-National Highway, Islamabad 44000, PakistanNanocomposite multi-layer TiO<sub>2</sub>/V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> thin films were prepared via electron-beam evaporation using high-purity targets (TiO<sub>2</sub> and V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> purity > 99.9%) at substrate temperatures of 270 °C (TiO<sub>2</sub>) and 25 °C (V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>) under a partial pressure of oxygen of 2 × 10<sup>−4</sup> mbar to maintain the stoichiometry. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry was used to confirm the layer structure and the optimal stoichiometry of the thin films, with a particle size of 20 to 40 nm. The thin films showed an optical transmittance of ~78% in the visible region and a reflectance of ~90% in the infrared. A decrease in transmittance was observed due to the greater cumulative thickness of the three layers and multiple reflections at the interface of the layers. The optical bandgap of the TiO<sub>2</sub> mono-layer was ~3.49 eV, whereas that of the multi-layer TiO<sub>2</sub>/V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> reached ~3.51 eV. The increase in the optical bandgap was due to the inter-diffusion of the layers at an elevated substrate temperature during the deposition. The intrinsic, structural, and morphological features of the TiO<sub>2</sub>/V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> thin films suggest their efficient use as a solar water heater system.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/11/3933TiO<sub>2</sub>V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>multi-layerthin filmsRutherford backscattering (RBS)solar water heater |
| spellingShingle | Irfa Rehman Muhammad Bilal Hanif Abdulaziz Salem Alghamdi Abdul Khaliq K. S. Abdel Halim Tayyab Subhani Martin Motola Abdul Faheem Khan Intrinsic Properties of Multi-Layer TiO<sub>2</sub>/V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> Coatings Prepared via E-Beam Evaporation Materials TiO<sub>2</sub> V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> multi-layer thin films Rutherford backscattering (RBS) solar water heater |
| title | Intrinsic Properties of Multi-Layer TiO<sub>2</sub>/V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> Coatings Prepared via E-Beam Evaporation |
| title_full | Intrinsic Properties of Multi-Layer TiO<sub>2</sub>/V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> Coatings Prepared via E-Beam Evaporation |
| title_fullStr | Intrinsic Properties of Multi-Layer TiO<sub>2</sub>/V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> Coatings Prepared via E-Beam Evaporation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Intrinsic Properties of Multi-Layer TiO<sub>2</sub>/V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> Coatings Prepared via E-Beam Evaporation |
| title_short | Intrinsic Properties of Multi-Layer TiO<sub>2</sub>/V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> Coatings Prepared via E-Beam Evaporation |
| title_sort | intrinsic properties of multi layer tio sub 2 sub v sub 2 sub o sub 5 sub tio sub 2 sub coatings prepared via e beam evaporation |
| topic | TiO<sub>2</sub> V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> multi-layer thin films Rutherford backscattering (RBS) solar water heater |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/11/3933 |
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