Elderberry (<i>Sambucus nigra</i> L.) Fruit Extract Alleviates Oxidative Stress, Insulin Resistance, and Inflammation in Hypertrophied 3T3-L1 Adipocytes and Activated RAW 264.7 Macrophages
Oxidative stress and inflammation in hypertrophied adipose tissue with excessive fat accumulation play a crucial role in the development of obesity and accompanying metabolic dysfunctions. This study demonstrated the capacity of elderberry fruit (EDB) extract to decrease the elevated production of r...
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MDPI AG
2019-08-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/8/8/326 |
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| author | Joanna Zielińska-Wasielica Anna Olejnik Katarzyna Kowalska Mariola Olkowicz Radosław Dembczyński |
| author_facet | Joanna Zielińska-Wasielica Anna Olejnik Katarzyna Kowalska Mariola Olkowicz Radosław Dembczyński |
| author_sort | Joanna Zielińska-Wasielica |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Oxidative stress and inflammation in hypertrophied adipose tissue with excessive fat accumulation play a crucial role in the development of obesity and accompanying metabolic dysfunctions. This study demonstrated the capacity of elderberry fruit (EDB) extract to decrease the elevated production of reactive oxygen species in hypertrophied 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Treatment with the EDB extract resulted in modulation of mRNA expression and protein secretion of key adipokines in hypertrophied adipocytes. Expression of leptin and adiponectin was, respectively, down- and up-regulated. Moreover, glucose uptake stimulation was noticed in mature adipocytes, both sensitive to insulin and insulin resistant. This may suggest a positive effect of EDB extract on insulin resistance status. The extract was also found to alleviate the inflammatory response in activated RAW 264.7 macrophages by down-regulating the expression of proinflammatory genes (<i>TNF-α</i>, <i>IL-6</i>, <i>COX-2</i>, <i>iNOS</i>) and suppressing the enhanced production of inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-6, PGE<sub>2</sub>, NO). <i>In vitro</i> experiments showed that the EDB extract could inhibit digestive enzymes, including <i>α</i>-amylase, <i>α</i>-glucosidase, and pancreatic lipase, leading to reduced intestinal absorption of dietary lipids and carbohydrates. Further <i>in vivo</i> studies could be postulated to support EDB as a functional food component for the prevention and treatment of obesity and metabolic-immune comorbidities. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T06:50:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-273b7c1550664984b990182103b5a036 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T06:50:10Z |
| publishDate | 2019-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj.art-273b7c1550664984b990182103b5a0362022-12-21T20:31:46ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582019-08-018832610.3390/foods8080326foods8080326Elderberry (<i>Sambucus nigra</i> L.) Fruit Extract Alleviates Oxidative Stress, Insulin Resistance, and Inflammation in Hypertrophied 3T3-L1 Adipocytes and Activated RAW 264.7 MacrophagesJoanna Zielińska-Wasielica0Anna Olejnik1Katarzyna Kowalska2Mariola Olkowicz3Radosław Dembczyński4Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 48, 60-627 Poznan, PolandDepartment of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 48, 60-627 Poznan, PolandDepartment of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 48, 60-627 Poznan, PolandDepartment of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, CanadaDepartment of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 48, 60-627 Poznan, PolandOxidative stress and inflammation in hypertrophied adipose tissue with excessive fat accumulation play a crucial role in the development of obesity and accompanying metabolic dysfunctions. This study demonstrated the capacity of elderberry fruit (EDB) extract to decrease the elevated production of reactive oxygen species in hypertrophied 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Treatment with the EDB extract resulted in modulation of mRNA expression and protein secretion of key adipokines in hypertrophied adipocytes. Expression of leptin and adiponectin was, respectively, down- and up-regulated. Moreover, glucose uptake stimulation was noticed in mature adipocytes, both sensitive to insulin and insulin resistant. This may suggest a positive effect of EDB extract on insulin resistance status. The extract was also found to alleviate the inflammatory response in activated RAW 264.7 macrophages by down-regulating the expression of proinflammatory genes (<i>TNF-α</i>, <i>IL-6</i>, <i>COX-2</i>, <i>iNOS</i>) and suppressing the enhanced production of inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-6, PGE<sub>2</sub>, NO). <i>In vitro</i> experiments showed that the EDB extract could inhibit digestive enzymes, including <i>α</i>-amylase, <i>α</i>-glucosidase, and pancreatic lipase, leading to reduced intestinal absorption of dietary lipids and carbohydrates. Further <i>in vivo</i> studies could be postulated to support EDB as a functional food component for the prevention and treatment of obesity and metabolic-immune comorbidities.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/8/8/326elderberry polyphenolsfunctional foodobesitydigestive enzymesfat cellsintracellular reactive oxygen speciesadipokinesglucose uptakeimmune-metabolic effects |
| spellingShingle | Joanna Zielińska-Wasielica Anna Olejnik Katarzyna Kowalska Mariola Olkowicz Radosław Dembczyński Elderberry (<i>Sambucus nigra</i> L.) Fruit Extract Alleviates Oxidative Stress, Insulin Resistance, and Inflammation in Hypertrophied 3T3-L1 Adipocytes and Activated RAW 264.7 Macrophages Foods elderberry polyphenols functional food obesity digestive enzymes fat cells intracellular reactive oxygen species adipokines glucose uptake immune-metabolic effects |
| title | Elderberry (<i>Sambucus nigra</i> L.) Fruit Extract Alleviates Oxidative Stress, Insulin Resistance, and Inflammation in Hypertrophied 3T3-L1 Adipocytes and Activated RAW 264.7 Macrophages |
| title_full | Elderberry (<i>Sambucus nigra</i> L.) Fruit Extract Alleviates Oxidative Stress, Insulin Resistance, and Inflammation in Hypertrophied 3T3-L1 Adipocytes and Activated RAW 264.7 Macrophages |
| title_fullStr | Elderberry (<i>Sambucus nigra</i> L.) Fruit Extract Alleviates Oxidative Stress, Insulin Resistance, and Inflammation in Hypertrophied 3T3-L1 Adipocytes and Activated RAW 264.7 Macrophages |
| title_full_unstemmed | Elderberry (<i>Sambucus nigra</i> L.) Fruit Extract Alleviates Oxidative Stress, Insulin Resistance, and Inflammation in Hypertrophied 3T3-L1 Adipocytes and Activated RAW 264.7 Macrophages |
| title_short | Elderberry (<i>Sambucus nigra</i> L.) Fruit Extract Alleviates Oxidative Stress, Insulin Resistance, and Inflammation in Hypertrophied 3T3-L1 Adipocytes and Activated RAW 264.7 Macrophages |
| title_sort | elderberry i sambucus nigra i l fruit extract alleviates oxidative stress insulin resistance and inflammation in hypertrophied 3t3 l1 adipocytes and activated raw 264 7 macrophages |
| topic | elderberry polyphenols functional food obesity digestive enzymes fat cells intracellular reactive oxygen species adipokines glucose uptake immune-metabolic effects |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/8/8/326 |
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