The influence of extrachromosomal elements in the anthrax “cross-over” strain Bacillus cereus G9241
Bacillus cereus G9241 was isolated from a welder who survived a pulmonary anthrax-like disease. Strain G9241 carries two virulence plasmids, pBCX01 and pBC210, as well as an extrachromosomal prophage, pBFH_1. pBCX01 has 99.6% sequence identity to pXO1 carried by Bacillus anthracis and encodes the tr...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1113642/full |
| _version_ | 1797833097411035136 |
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| author | Grace Taylor-Joyce Shathviga Manoharan Thomas A. Brooker Carmen Sara Hernández-Rodríguez Les Baillie Petra C. F. Oyston Alexia Hapeshi Nicholas R. Waterfield |
| author_facet | Grace Taylor-Joyce Shathviga Manoharan Thomas A. Brooker Carmen Sara Hernández-Rodríguez Les Baillie Petra C. F. Oyston Alexia Hapeshi Nicholas R. Waterfield |
| author_sort | Grace Taylor-Joyce |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bacillus cereus G9241 was isolated from a welder who survived a pulmonary anthrax-like disease. Strain G9241 carries two virulence plasmids, pBCX01 and pBC210, as well as an extrachromosomal prophage, pBFH_1. pBCX01 has 99.6% sequence identity to pXO1 carried by Bacillus anthracis and encodes the tripartite anthrax toxin genes and atxA, a mammalian virulence transcriptional regulator. This work looks at how the presence of pBCX01 and temperature may affect the lifestyle of B. cereus G9241 using a transcriptomic analysis and by studying spore formation, an important part of the B. anthracis lifecycle. Here we report that pBCX01 has a stronger effect on gene transcription at the mammalian infection relevant temperature of 37°C in comparison to 25°C. At 37°C, the presence of pBCX01 appears to have a negative effect on genes involved in cell metabolism, including biosynthesis of amino acids, whilst positively affecting the transcription of many transmembrane proteins. The study of spore formation showed B. cereus G9241 sporulated rapidly in comparison to the B. cereus sensu stricto type strain ATCC 14579, particularly at 37°C. The carriage of pBCX01 did not affect this phenotype suggesting that other genetic elements were driving rapid sporulation. An unexpected finding of this study was that pBFH_1 is highly expressed at 37°C in comparison to 25°C and pBFH_1 expression leads to the production of Siphoviridae-like phage particles in the supernatant of B. cereus G9241. This study provides an insight on how the extrachromosomal genetic elements in B. cereus G9241 has an influence in bacterial phenotypes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T14:18:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-275077caa8ea4d2d9b2090512b6bb1f7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T14:18:13Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-275077caa8ea4d2d9b2090512b6bb1f72023-05-05T05:19:31ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2023-05-011410.3389/fmicb.2023.11136421113642The influence of extrachromosomal elements in the anthrax “cross-over” strain Bacillus cereus G9241Grace Taylor-Joyce0Shathviga Manoharan1Thomas A. Brooker2Carmen Sara Hernández-Rodríguez3Les Baillie4Petra C. F. Oyston5Alexia Hapeshi6Nicholas R. Waterfield7Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United KingdomDivision of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United KingdomDivision of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United KingdomDpto. Microbiología y Ecología, Instituto BIOTECMED, Universitat de València, Burjassot, SpainSchool of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United KingdomCBR Division, Dstl Porton Down, Salisbury, United KingdomDivision of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United KingdomDivision of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United KingdomBacillus cereus G9241 was isolated from a welder who survived a pulmonary anthrax-like disease. Strain G9241 carries two virulence plasmids, pBCX01 and pBC210, as well as an extrachromosomal prophage, pBFH_1. pBCX01 has 99.6% sequence identity to pXO1 carried by Bacillus anthracis and encodes the tripartite anthrax toxin genes and atxA, a mammalian virulence transcriptional regulator. This work looks at how the presence of pBCX01 and temperature may affect the lifestyle of B. cereus G9241 using a transcriptomic analysis and by studying spore formation, an important part of the B. anthracis lifecycle. Here we report that pBCX01 has a stronger effect on gene transcription at the mammalian infection relevant temperature of 37°C in comparison to 25°C. At 37°C, the presence of pBCX01 appears to have a negative effect on genes involved in cell metabolism, including biosynthesis of amino acids, whilst positively affecting the transcription of many transmembrane proteins. The study of spore formation showed B. cereus G9241 sporulated rapidly in comparison to the B. cereus sensu stricto type strain ATCC 14579, particularly at 37°C. The carriage of pBCX01 did not affect this phenotype suggesting that other genetic elements were driving rapid sporulation. An unexpected finding of this study was that pBFH_1 is highly expressed at 37°C in comparison to 25°C and pBFH_1 expression leads to the production of Siphoviridae-like phage particles in the supernatant of B. cereus G9241. This study provides an insight on how the extrachromosomal genetic elements in B. cereus G9241 has an influence in bacterial phenotypes.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1113642/fullanthraxplasmidsemerging pathogenregulationBacillus cereus |
| spellingShingle | Grace Taylor-Joyce Shathviga Manoharan Thomas A. Brooker Carmen Sara Hernández-Rodríguez Les Baillie Petra C. F. Oyston Alexia Hapeshi Nicholas R. Waterfield The influence of extrachromosomal elements in the anthrax “cross-over” strain Bacillus cereus G9241 Frontiers in Microbiology anthrax plasmids emerging pathogen regulation Bacillus cereus |
| title | The influence of extrachromosomal elements in the anthrax “cross-over” strain Bacillus cereus G9241 |
| title_full | The influence of extrachromosomal elements in the anthrax “cross-over” strain Bacillus cereus G9241 |
| title_fullStr | The influence of extrachromosomal elements in the anthrax “cross-over” strain Bacillus cereus G9241 |
| title_full_unstemmed | The influence of extrachromosomal elements in the anthrax “cross-over” strain Bacillus cereus G9241 |
| title_short | The influence of extrachromosomal elements in the anthrax “cross-over” strain Bacillus cereus G9241 |
| title_sort | influence of extrachromosomal elements in the anthrax cross over strain bacillus cereus g9241 |
| topic | anthrax plasmids emerging pathogen regulation Bacillus cereus |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1113642/full |
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