Innate Receptor Activation Patterns Involving TLR and NLR Synergisms in COVID-19, ALI/ARDS and Sepsis Cytokine Storms: A Review and Model Making Novel Predictions and Therapeutic Suggestions

Innate Receptor Activation Patterns Involving TLR and NLR Synergisms in COVID-19, ALI/ARDS and Sepsis Cytokine Storms: A Review and Model Making Novel Predictions and Therapeutic Suggestions

Severe COVID-19 is characterized by a “cytokine storm”, the mechanism of which is not yet understood. I propose that cytokine storms result from synergistic interactions among Toll-like receptors (TLR) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors (NLR) due to combined infections of S...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Robert Root-Bernstein
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2021-02-01
Series:International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Subjects:
cytokine storm
cytokine release syndrome
hyperinflammation
innate immunity
synergy
COVID-19
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/4/2108

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