Interplay between microglia and environmental risk factors in Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimer's disease, among the most common neurodegenerative disorders, is characterized by progressive cognitive impairment. At present, the Alzheimer's disease main risk remains genetic risks, but major environmental factors are increasingly shown to impact Alzheimer's disease devel...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Neural Regeneration Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.nrronline.org/article.asp?issn=1673-5374;year=2024;volume=19;issue=8;spage=1718;epage=1727;aulast=Zhang |
| _version_ | 1797231656839413760 |
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| author | Miaoping Zhang Chunmei Liang Xiongjin Chen Yujie Cai Lili Cui |
| author_facet | Miaoping Zhang Chunmei Liang Xiongjin Chen Yujie Cai Lili Cui |
| author_sort | Miaoping Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Alzheimer's disease, among the most common neurodegenerative disorders, is characterized by progressive cognitive impairment. At present, the Alzheimer's disease main risk remains genetic risks, but major environmental factors are increasingly shown to impact Alzheimer's disease development and progression. Microglia, the most important brain immune cells, play a central role in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and are considered environmental and lifestyle “sensors.” Factors like environmental pollution and modern lifestyles (e.g., chronic stress, poor dietary habits, sleep, and circadian rhythm disorders) can cause neuroinflammatory responses that lead to cognitive impairment via microglial functioning and phenotypic regulation. However, the specific mechanisms underlying interactions among these factors and microglia in Alzheimer's disease are unclear. Herein, we: discuss the biological effects of air pollution, chronic stress, gut microbiota, sleep patterns, physical exercise, cigarette smoking, and caffeine consumption on microglia; consider how unhealthy lifestyle factors influence individual susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease; and present the neuroprotective effects of a healthy lifestyle. Toward intervening and controlling these environmental risk factors at an early Alzheimer's disease stage, understanding the role of microglia in Alzheimer's disease development, and targeting strategies to target microglia, could be essential to future Alzheimer's disease treatments. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T15:47:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2755911e80ad4766bda9ceb3b4dd5590 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1673-5374 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T15:47:51Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Neural Regeneration Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-2755911e80ad4766bda9ceb3b4dd55902024-04-01T13:06:21ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsNeural Regeneration Research1673-53742024-01-011981718172710.4103/1673-5374.389745Interplay between microglia and environmental risk factors in Alzheimer's diseaseMiaoping ZhangChunmei LiangXiongjin ChenYujie CaiLili CuiAlzheimer's disease, among the most common neurodegenerative disorders, is characterized by progressive cognitive impairment. At present, the Alzheimer's disease main risk remains genetic risks, but major environmental factors are increasingly shown to impact Alzheimer's disease development and progression. Microglia, the most important brain immune cells, play a central role in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and are considered environmental and lifestyle “sensors.” Factors like environmental pollution and modern lifestyles (e.g., chronic stress, poor dietary habits, sleep, and circadian rhythm disorders) can cause neuroinflammatory responses that lead to cognitive impairment via microglial functioning and phenotypic regulation. However, the specific mechanisms underlying interactions among these factors and microglia in Alzheimer's disease are unclear. Herein, we: discuss the biological effects of air pollution, chronic stress, gut microbiota, sleep patterns, physical exercise, cigarette smoking, and caffeine consumption on microglia; consider how unhealthy lifestyle factors influence individual susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease; and present the neuroprotective effects of a healthy lifestyle. Toward intervening and controlling these environmental risk factors at an early Alzheimer's disease stage, understanding the role of microglia in Alzheimer's disease development, and targeting strategies to target microglia, could be essential to future Alzheimer's disease treatments.http://www.nrronline.org/article.asp?issn=1673-5374;year=2024;volume=19;issue=8;spage=1718;epage=1727;aulast=Zhangalzheimer's disease; chronic stress; environmental factor; gut microbiota; microglia; particulate matter with diameter < 2.5 µm |
| spellingShingle | Miaoping Zhang Chunmei Liang Xiongjin Chen Yujie Cai Lili Cui Interplay between microglia and environmental risk factors in Alzheimer's disease Neural Regeneration Research alzheimer's disease; chronic stress; environmental factor; gut microbiota; microglia; particulate matter with diameter < 2.5 µm |
| title | Interplay between microglia and environmental risk factors in Alzheimer's disease |
| title_full | Interplay between microglia and environmental risk factors in Alzheimer's disease |
| title_fullStr | Interplay between microglia and environmental risk factors in Alzheimer's disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Interplay between microglia and environmental risk factors in Alzheimer's disease |
| title_short | Interplay between microglia and environmental risk factors in Alzheimer's disease |
| title_sort | interplay between microglia and environmental risk factors in alzheimer s disease |
| topic | alzheimer's disease; chronic stress; environmental factor; gut microbiota; microglia; particulate matter with diameter < 2.5 µm |
| url | http://www.nrronline.org/article.asp?issn=1673-5374;year=2024;volume=19;issue=8;spage=1718;epage=1727;aulast=Zhang |
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