Spline-Shaped Microstrip Edge-Fed Antenna for 77 GHz Automotive Radar Systems
An innovative millimeter-wave (mm-wave) microstrip edge-fed antenna (EFA) for 77 GHz automotive radars is proposed. The radiator is designed under the main requirements of having (i) an horizontally-polarized pattern and (ii) a single-layer layout. Its contour is modeled with a sinusoidal spline-sha...
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| Format: | Article |
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IEEE
2024-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Access |
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10376146/ |
| _version_ | 1797361416292794368 |
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| author | Marco Salucci Lorenzo Poli Paolo Rocca Claudio Massagrande Pietro Rosatti Mohammad Abdul Hannan Mirko Facchinelli Andrea Massa |
| author_facet | Marco Salucci Lorenzo Poli Paolo Rocca Claudio Massagrande Pietro Rosatti Mohammad Abdul Hannan Mirko Facchinelli Andrea Massa |
| author_sort | Marco Salucci |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | An innovative millimeter-wave (mm-wave) microstrip edge-fed antenna (EFA) for 77 GHz automotive radars is proposed. The radiator is designed under the main requirements of having (i) an horizontally-polarized pattern and (ii) a single-layer layout. Its contour is modeled with a sinusoidal spline-shaped (SS) profile characterized by a reduced number of geometrical descriptors, but still able to guarantee, thanks to a continuously non-uniform width, a high flexibility in the modeling for fulfilling challenging user-defined requirements. The SS-EFA descriptors are effectively and efficiently optimized with a customized implementation of the System-by-Design (SbD) paradigm. The synthesized EFA layout, integrated within a linear arrangement of identical replicas to account for the integration into the real radar system, exhibits suitable impedance matching, isolation, polarization purity, and stability of the beam shaping/pointing within the target band <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$f_{\min }=76$ </tex-math></inline-formula> [GHz] <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\le f \le f_{\max }=78$ </tex-math></inline-formula> [GHz]. The experimental assessment, carried out with a Compact Antenna Test Range (CATR) system on a printed circuit board (PCB)-manufactured prototype, assesses the reliability of the outcomes from the full-wave (FW) simulations as well as the suitability of the synthesized SS-EFA for automotive radars. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T15:53:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-275fc2158b2d49ba8bbab7fe3aea0fae |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T15:53:23Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Access |
| spelling | doaj.art-275fc2158b2d49ba8bbab7fe3aea0fae2024-01-09T00:04:59ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362024-01-01122086209910.1109/ACCESS.2023.334824010376146Spline-Shaped Microstrip Edge-Fed Antenna for 77 GHz Automotive Radar SystemsMarco Salucci0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6948-8636Lorenzo Poli1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8816-1970Paolo Rocca2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4522-6903Claudio Massagrande3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9952-0967Pietro Rosatti4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7696-8347Mohammad Abdul Hannan5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4042-1585Mirko Facchinelli6Andrea Massa7https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8429-8937DICAM-Department of Civil, Environmental, and Mechanical Engineering, ELEDIA Research Center (ELEDIA@UniTN-University of Trento), Trento, ItalyDICAM-Department of Civil, Environmental, and Mechanical Engineering, ELEDIA Research Center (ELEDIA@UniTN-University of Trento), Trento, ItalyDICAM-Department of Civil, Environmental, and Mechanical Engineering, ELEDIA Research Center (ELEDIA@UniTN-University of Trento), Trento, ItalyHuawei Technologies Italia, Palazzo Verrocchio, Segrate, ItalyDICAM-Department of Civil, Environmental, and Mechanical Engineering, ELEDIA Research Center (ELEDIA@UniTN-University of Trento), Trento, ItalyDICAM-Department of Civil, Environmental, and Mechanical Engineering, ELEDIA Research Center (ELEDIA@UniTN-University of Trento), Trento, ItalyDICAM-Department of Civil, Environmental, and Mechanical Engineering, ELEDIA Research Center (ELEDIA@UniTN-University of Trento), Trento, ItalyDICAM-Department of Civil, Environmental, and Mechanical Engineering, ELEDIA Research Center (ELEDIA@UniTN-University of Trento), Trento, ItalyAn innovative millimeter-wave (mm-wave) microstrip edge-fed antenna (EFA) for 77 GHz automotive radars is proposed. The radiator is designed under the main requirements of having (i) an horizontally-polarized pattern and (ii) a single-layer layout. Its contour is modeled with a sinusoidal spline-shaped (SS) profile characterized by a reduced number of geometrical descriptors, but still able to guarantee, thanks to a continuously non-uniform width, a high flexibility in the modeling for fulfilling challenging user-defined requirements. The SS-EFA descriptors are effectively and efficiently optimized with a customized implementation of the System-by-Design (SbD) paradigm. The synthesized EFA layout, integrated within a linear arrangement of identical replicas to account for the integration into the real radar system, exhibits suitable impedance matching, isolation, polarization purity, and stability of the beam shaping/pointing within the target band <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$f_{\min }=76$ </tex-math></inline-formula> [GHz] <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\le f \le f_{\max }=78$ </tex-math></inline-formula> [GHz]. The experimental assessment, carried out with a Compact Antenna Test Range (CATR) system on a printed circuit board (PCB)-manufactured prototype, assesses the reliability of the outcomes from the full-wave (FW) simulations as well as the suitability of the synthesized SS-EFA for automotive radars.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10376146/Automotive radarmm-waves77 [GHz] bandwidthantenna designsplinesystem-by-design (SbD) |
| spellingShingle | Marco Salucci Lorenzo Poli Paolo Rocca Claudio Massagrande Pietro Rosatti Mohammad Abdul Hannan Mirko Facchinelli Andrea Massa Spline-Shaped Microstrip Edge-Fed Antenna for 77 GHz Automotive Radar Systems IEEE Access Automotive radar mm-waves 77 [GHz] bandwidth antenna design spline system-by-design (SbD) |
| title | Spline-Shaped Microstrip Edge-Fed Antenna for 77 GHz Automotive Radar Systems |
| title_full | Spline-Shaped Microstrip Edge-Fed Antenna for 77 GHz Automotive Radar Systems |
| title_fullStr | Spline-Shaped Microstrip Edge-Fed Antenna for 77 GHz Automotive Radar Systems |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spline-Shaped Microstrip Edge-Fed Antenna for 77 GHz Automotive Radar Systems |
| title_short | Spline-Shaped Microstrip Edge-Fed Antenna for 77 GHz Automotive Radar Systems |
| title_sort | spline shaped microstrip edge fed antenna for 77 ghz automotive radar systems |
| topic | Automotive radar mm-waves 77 [GHz] bandwidth antenna design spline system-by-design (SbD) |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10376146/ |
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