A High-Quality Random Number Generator Using Multistage Ring Oscillators and Fast Fourier Transform-Based Noise Extraction
Random Numbers are widely employed in cryptography and security applications. This paper presents a novel approach to generate high-quality random bitstreams by harnessing the inherent noise properties of ring oscillators. We implemented ring oscillators with varying numbers of stages (3, 5, and 7),...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-03-01
|
| Series: | Eng |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4117/5/1/23 |
| _version_ | 1797241224364556288 |
|---|---|
| author | Vatanpreet Singh Md Sakib Hasan Syed Azeemuddin |
| author_facet | Vatanpreet Singh Md Sakib Hasan Syed Azeemuddin |
| author_sort | Vatanpreet Singh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Random Numbers are widely employed in cryptography and security applications. This paper presents a novel approach to generate high-quality random bitstreams by harnessing the inherent noise properties of ring oscillators. We implemented ring oscillators with varying numbers of stages (3, 5, and 7), different geometries and different startup voltages in Cadence and recorded their total output power, which includes the cumulative noise effects. Subsequently, we exported these power measurements to MATLAB, where we applied a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)-based technique to extract the total noise characteristics for each ring oscillator. Using the obtained noise data, we generated separate random bitstreams of 10 million bits for the 3-stage, 5-stage, and 7-stage ring oscillators. The final random bitstream, consisting of 10 million bits, was created by performing a bitwise XOR operation on the bitstreams generated by each ring oscillator. The degree of randomness of the generated bitstreams was assessed using the NIST 800-22 statistical test suite. Remarkably, the final random bitstream exhibited strong robustness and suitability for cryptographic applications. This innovative approach leverages the noise properties of ring oscillators to create reliable random bitstreams, offering potential applications in secure communications and cryptography. The results highlight the feasibility of using ring oscillators as noise sources for random bit generation and underscore their effectiveness in meeting stringent randomness criteria. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:19:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-2761aae2b7464b269c9c3dc270505fce |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2673-4117 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:19:56Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Eng |
| spelling | doaj.art-2761aae2b7464b269c9c3dc270505fce2024-03-27T13:36:00ZengMDPI AGEng2673-41172024-03-015143344610.3390/eng5010023A High-Quality Random Number Generator Using Multistage Ring Oscillators and Fast Fourier Transform-Based Noise ExtractionVatanpreet Singh0Md Sakib Hasan1Syed Azeemuddin2CVEST—Center for VLSI and Embedded Systems Technologies, IIIT Hyderabad (India), Hyderabad 500032, IndiaDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USACVEST—Center for VLSI and Embedded Systems Technologies, IIIT Hyderabad (India), Hyderabad 500032, IndiaRandom Numbers are widely employed in cryptography and security applications. This paper presents a novel approach to generate high-quality random bitstreams by harnessing the inherent noise properties of ring oscillators. We implemented ring oscillators with varying numbers of stages (3, 5, and 7), different geometries and different startup voltages in Cadence and recorded their total output power, which includes the cumulative noise effects. Subsequently, we exported these power measurements to MATLAB, where we applied a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)-based technique to extract the total noise characteristics for each ring oscillator. Using the obtained noise data, we generated separate random bitstreams of 10 million bits for the 3-stage, 5-stage, and 7-stage ring oscillators. The final random bitstream, consisting of 10 million bits, was created by performing a bitwise XOR operation on the bitstreams generated by each ring oscillator. The degree of randomness of the generated bitstreams was assessed using the NIST 800-22 statistical test suite. Remarkably, the final random bitstream exhibited strong robustness and suitability for cryptographic applications. This innovative approach leverages the noise properties of ring oscillators to create reliable random bitstreams, offering potential applications in secure communications and cryptography. The results highlight the feasibility of using ring oscillators as noise sources for random bit generation and underscore their effectiveness in meeting stringent randomness criteria.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4117/5/1/23random bitstreamstrue random number generatorring oscillatorsnoise propertiescryptographysecurity applications |
| spellingShingle | Vatanpreet Singh Md Sakib Hasan Syed Azeemuddin A High-Quality Random Number Generator Using Multistage Ring Oscillators and Fast Fourier Transform-Based Noise Extraction Eng random bitstreams true random number generator ring oscillators noise properties cryptography security applications |
| title | A High-Quality Random Number Generator Using Multistage Ring Oscillators and Fast Fourier Transform-Based Noise Extraction |
| title_full | A High-Quality Random Number Generator Using Multistage Ring Oscillators and Fast Fourier Transform-Based Noise Extraction |
| title_fullStr | A High-Quality Random Number Generator Using Multistage Ring Oscillators and Fast Fourier Transform-Based Noise Extraction |
| title_full_unstemmed | A High-Quality Random Number Generator Using Multistage Ring Oscillators and Fast Fourier Transform-Based Noise Extraction |
| title_short | A High-Quality Random Number Generator Using Multistage Ring Oscillators and Fast Fourier Transform-Based Noise Extraction |
| title_sort | high quality random number generator using multistage ring oscillators and fast fourier transform based noise extraction |
| topic | random bitstreams true random number generator ring oscillators noise properties cryptography security applications |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4117/5/1/23 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT vatanpreetsingh ahighqualityrandomnumbergeneratorusingmultistageringoscillatorsandfastfouriertransformbasednoiseextraction AT mdsakibhasan ahighqualityrandomnumbergeneratorusingmultistageringoscillatorsandfastfouriertransformbasednoiseextraction AT syedazeemuddin ahighqualityrandomnumbergeneratorusingmultistageringoscillatorsandfastfouriertransformbasednoiseextraction AT vatanpreetsingh highqualityrandomnumbergeneratorusingmultistageringoscillatorsandfastfouriertransformbasednoiseextraction AT mdsakibhasan highqualityrandomnumbergeneratorusingmultistageringoscillatorsandfastfouriertransformbasednoiseextraction AT syedazeemuddin highqualityrandomnumbergeneratorusingmultistageringoscillatorsandfastfouriertransformbasednoiseextraction |