The Significance of Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and Metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) in Urinary Bladder Cancer
Introduction: Urinary bladder cancer is a serious oncological problem that is the cause of many deaths worldwide. The processes of metastasis and origination of local tumor invasion depend on the extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. The cancer microenvironment, particularly the ECM, may be consid...
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Biomedicines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/11/3/956 |
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| author | Jacek Kudelski Anna Tokarzewicz Monika Gudowska-Sawczuk Barbara Mroczko Piotr Chłosta Marta Bruczko-Goralewska Przemysław Mitura Grzegorz Młynarczyk |
| author_facet | Jacek Kudelski Anna Tokarzewicz Monika Gudowska-Sawczuk Barbara Mroczko Piotr Chłosta Marta Bruczko-Goralewska Przemysław Mitura Grzegorz Młynarczyk |
| author_sort | Jacek Kudelski |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: Urinary bladder cancer is a serious oncological problem that is the cause of many deaths worldwide. The processes of metastasis and origination of local tumor invasion depend on the extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. The cancer microenvironment, particularly the ECM, may be considered a key factor in cancer progression. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are classified as the main factors responsible for the degradation of ECM components. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate the expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9 (MMP-2 and MMP-9) in urinary bladder cancer according to different stages. Material and methods: Urinary bladder tissue samples were analyzed. Cancer patients were divided into two groups: low-grade tumors (LG; Group I) and high-grade tumors (HG; Group II). Control tissue was obtained from the opposite site to the tumor. MMPs content and activity (actual and specific) were evaluated using ELISA and Western blot methods, respectively. Results: Both MMPs are present in high and low molecular complexes in healthy or bladder cancer tissues. The content of MMP-9 is enhanced in comparison with MMP-2, particularly in HG cancer tissue. The actual activity of MMP-2 was highest in LG cancer tissue whereas the actual activity of MMP-9 was highest in HG cancer. Specific activity of both MMPs was highest in LG cancer, but the activity of MMP-9 was higher in comparison with MMP-2. Conclusions: In conclusion, the content and specific activity of MMP-9 were increased in comparison with MMP-2. The revealed differences in content and activity of both MMPs demonstrate their different participation in ECM remodeling at different stages of cancer development. Moreover, it seems that MMP-9 has higher clinical utility than MMP-2 as a potential therapeutic option and a diagnostic biomarker of urinary bladder cancer. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:53:16Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:53:16Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj.art-27666ed3655e4d1b8ce693e70304d7412023-11-17T09:48:04ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592023-03-0111395610.3390/biomedicines11030956The Significance of Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and Metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) in Urinary Bladder CancerJacek Kudelski0Anna Tokarzewicz1Monika Gudowska-Sawczuk2Barbara Mroczko3Piotr Chłosta4Marta Bruczko-Goralewska5Przemysław Mitura6Grzegorz Młynarczyk7Department of Urology, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A St., 15-276 Białystok, PolandDepartment of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Białystok, Adama Mickiewicza 2C St., 15-089 Białystok, PolandDepartment of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Białystok, Waszyngtona 15A St., 15-269 Białystok, PolandDepartment of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Białystok, Waszyngtona 15A St., 15-269 Białystok, PolandDepartment of Urology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Jakubowskiego 2 St., 30-688 Kraków, PolandDepartment of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Białystok, Adama Mickiewicza 2C St., 15-089 Białystok, PolandDepartment of Urology and Oncological Urology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Urology, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A St., 15-276 Białystok, PolandIntroduction: Urinary bladder cancer is a serious oncological problem that is the cause of many deaths worldwide. The processes of metastasis and origination of local tumor invasion depend on the extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. The cancer microenvironment, particularly the ECM, may be considered a key factor in cancer progression. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are classified as the main factors responsible for the degradation of ECM components. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate the expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9 (MMP-2 and MMP-9) in urinary bladder cancer according to different stages. Material and methods: Urinary bladder tissue samples were analyzed. Cancer patients were divided into two groups: low-grade tumors (LG; Group I) and high-grade tumors (HG; Group II). Control tissue was obtained from the opposite site to the tumor. MMPs content and activity (actual and specific) were evaluated using ELISA and Western blot methods, respectively. Results: Both MMPs are present in high and low molecular complexes in healthy or bladder cancer tissues. The content of MMP-9 is enhanced in comparison with MMP-2, particularly in HG cancer tissue. The actual activity of MMP-2 was highest in LG cancer tissue whereas the actual activity of MMP-9 was highest in HG cancer. Specific activity of both MMPs was highest in LG cancer, but the activity of MMP-9 was higher in comparison with MMP-2. Conclusions: In conclusion, the content and specific activity of MMP-9 were increased in comparison with MMP-2. The revealed differences in content and activity of both MMPs demonstrate their different participation in ECM remodeling at different stages of cancer development. Moreover, it seems that MMP-9 has higher clinical utility than MMP-2 as a potential therapeutic option and a diagnostic biomarker of urinary bladder cancer.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/11/3/956urinary bladder carcinomagelatinaseMMP-2MMP-9biomarker |
| spellingShingle | Jacek Kudelski Anna Tokarzewicz Monika Gudowska-Sawczuk Barbara Mroczko Piotr Chłosta Marta Bruczko-Goralewska Przemysław Mitura Grzegorz Młynarczyk The Significance of Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and Metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) in Urinary Bladder Cancer Biomedicines urinary bladder carcinoma gelatinase MMP-2 MMP-9 biomarker |
| title | The Significance of Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and Metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) in Urinary Bladder Cancer |
| title_full | The Significance of Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and Metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) in Urinary Bladder Cancer |
| title_fullStr | The Significance of Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and Metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) in Urinary Bladder Cancer |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Significance of Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and Metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) in Urinary Bladder Cancer |
| title_short | The Significance of Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and Metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) in Urinary Bladder Cancer |
| title_sort | significance of matrix metalloproteinase 9 mmp 9 and metalloproteinase 2 mmp 2 in urinary bladder cancer |
| topic | urinary bladder carcinoma gelatinase MMP-2 MMP-9 biomarker |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/11/3/956 |
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