Microbial Cells as a Microrobots: From Drug Delivery to Advanced Biosensors
The presented review focused on the microbial cell based system. This approach is based on the application of microorganisms as the main part of a robot that is responsible for the motility, cargo shipping, and in some cases, the production of useful chemicals. Living cells in such microrobots have...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Biomimetics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2313-7673/8/1/109 |
| _version_ | 1797613254020694016 |
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| author | Pavel Gotovtsev |
| author_facet | Pavel Gotovtsev |
| author_sort | Pavel Gotovtsev |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The presented review focused on the microbial cell based system. This approach is based on the application of microorganisms as the main part of a robot that is responsible for the motility, cargo shipping, and in some cases, the production of useful chemicals. Living cells in such microrobots have both advantages and disadvantages. Regarding the advantages, it is necessary to mention the motility of cells, which can be natural chemotaxis or phototaxis, depending on the organism. There are approaches to make cells magnetotactic by adding nanoparticles to their surface. Today, the results of the development of such microrobots have been widely discussed. It has been shown that there is a possibility of combining different types of taxis to enhance the control level of the microrobots based on the microorganisms’ cells and the efficiency of the solving task. Another advantage is the possibility of applying the whole potential of synthetic biology to make the behavior of the cells more controllable and complex. Biosynthesis of the cargo, advanced sensing, on/off switches, and other promising approaches are discussed within the context of the application for the microrobots. Thus, a synthetic biology application offers significant perspectives on microbial cell based microrobot development. Disadvantages that follow from the nature of microbial cells such as the number of external factors influence the cells, potential immune reaction, etc. They provide several limitations in the application, but do not decrease the bright perspectives of microrobots based on the cells of the microorganisms. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:52:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-276f60227e4f4581a7f11a2978c37d9c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2313-7673 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:52:17Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomimetics |
| spelling | doaj.art-276f60227e4f4581a7f11a2978c37d9c2023-11-17T09:50:26ZengMDPI AGBiomimetics2313-76732023-03-018110910.3390/biomimetics8010109Microbial Cells as a Microrobots: From Drug Delivery to Advanced BiosensorsPavel Gotovtsev0National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Biotechnology and Bioenergy Department, Akademika Kurchatova pl. 1, 123182 Moscow, RussiaThe presented review focused on the microbial cell based system. This approach is based on the application of microorganisms as the main part of a robot that is responsible for the motility, cargo shipping, and in some cases, the production of useful chemicals. Living cells in such microrobots have both advantages and disadvantages. Regarding the advantages, it is necessary to mention the motility of cells, which can be natural chemotaxis or phototaxis, depending on the organism. There are approaches to make cells magnetotactic by adding nanoparticles to their surface. Today, the results of the development of such microrobots have been widely discussed. It has been shown that there is a possibility of combining different types of taxis to enhance the control level of the microrobots based on the microorganisms’ cells and the efficiency of the solving task. Another advantage is the possibility of applying the whole potential of synthetic biology to make the behavior of the cells more controllable and complex. Biosynthesis of the cargo, advanced sensing, on/off switches, and other promising approaches are discussed within the context of the application for the microrobots. Thus, a synthetic biology application offers significant perspectives on microbial cell based microrobot development. Disadvantages that follow from the nature of microbial cells such as the number of external factors influence the cells, potential immune reaction, etc. They provide several limitations in the application, but do not decrease the bright perspectives of microrobots based on the cells of the microorganisms.https://www.mdpi.com/2313-7673/8/1/109biohybrid microrobotsmicroorganism motilityimmobilizationsynthetic biologynanoparticlesxenobiology |
| spellingShingle | Pavel Gotovtsev Microbial Cells as a Microrobots: From Drug Delivery to Advanced Biosensors Biomimetics biohybrid microrobots microorganism motility immobilization synthetic biology nanoparticles xenobiology |
| title | Microbial Cells as a Microrobots: From Drug Delivery to Advanced Biosensors |
| title_full | Microbial Cells as a Microrobots: From Drug Delivery to Advanced Biosensors |
| title_fullStr | Microbial Cells as a Microrobots: From Drug Delivery to Advanced Biosensors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Microbial Cells as a Microrobots: From Drug Delivery to Advanced Biosensors |
| title_short | Microbial Cells as a Microrobots: From Drug Delivery to Advanced Biosensors |
| title_sort | microbial cells as a microrobots from drug delivery to advanced biosensors |
| topic | biohybrid microrobots microorganism motility immobilization synthetic biology nanoparticles xenobiology |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2313-7673/8/1/109 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT pavelgotovtsev microbialcellsasamicrorobotsfromdrugdeliverytoadvancedbiosensors |