A study of concave shoulder angle on the mechanical properties and fractography of friction stir welded AA6061-T651 joints
AA6061-T651 material joints produced by friction stir welding (FSW) were analysed in this study. The analysis was conducted to determine the effect of the concave shoulder angle (CSA) of the tool on mechanical and fractographic properties. The mechanical properties studied included impact strength (...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785423030326 |
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| author | Mulyadi Arif Wahjudi Agus Sigit Pramono I Made Londen Batan Ubaidillah |
| author_facet | Mulyadi Arif Wahjudi Agus Sigit Pramono I Made Londen Batan Ubaidillah |
| author_sort | Mulyadi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | AA6061-T651 material joints produced by friction stir welding (FSW) were analysed in this study. The analysis was conducted to determine the effect of the concave shoulder angle (CSA) of the tool on mechanical and fractographic properties. The mechanical properties studied included impact strength (IS) and hardness (HS), while the fractography included impact fracture and microstructure. The experiments used a Taguchi L16 (44) orthogonal array and were done thrice. The best parameters were then used four times for confirmation. The research findings confirmed that the change in CSA significantly impacts the IS of welded joints. Combining both artificial neural network (ANN) and genetic algorithm (GA), it was found that 9° is the best CSA for IS. The mechanical properties test results showed an IS of 0.806 J/mm2. The HS of the weld nugget zone (WNZ) decreased by 25.49 % compared to the parent material zone (PMZ). This decrease in HS is due to the phase change of magnesium silicide (Mg2Si), resulting in finer grains in the WNZ than in the PMZ. Meanwhile, the fracture angle of the impact test specimens was 81.7°, indicating moderate toughness characteristics. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T09:29:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-27761a9167a840c3b3dd0af12aa39ccf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2238-7854 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T09:29:41Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
| spelling | doaj.art-27761a9167a840c3b3dd0af12aa39ccf2024-01-31T05:43:10ZengElsevierJournal of Materials Research and Technology2238-78542024-01-01287886A study of concave shoulder angle on the mechanical properties and fractography of friction stir welded AA6061-T651 joints Mulyadi0Arif Wahjudi1Agus Sigit Pramono2I Made Londen Batan3 Ubaidillah4Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Surabaya, 60111, IndonesiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Surabaya, 60111, Indonesia; Corresponding author.Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Surabaya, 60111, IndonesiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Surabaya, 60111, IndonesiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Negeri Sebelas Maret (UNS), Surakarta, 57126, Indonesia; Mechanical Engineering Department, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah Al Munawwarah, 42351, Saudi Arabia; Corresponding author. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Negeri Sebelas Maret (UNS), Surakarta, 57126, Indonesia.AA6061-T651 material joints produced by friction stir welding (FSW) were analysed in this study. The analysis was conducted to determine the effect of the concave shoulder angle (CSA) of the tool on mechanical and fractographic properties. The mechanical properties studied included impact strength (IS) and hardness (HS), while the fractography included impact fracture and microstructure. The experiments used a Taguchi L16 (44) orthogonal array and were done thrice. The best parameters were then used four times for confirmation. The research findings confirmed that the change in CSA significantly impacts the IS of welded joints. Combining both artificial neural network (ANN) and genetic algorithm (GA), it was found that 9° is the best CSA for IS. The mechanical properties test results showed an IS of 0.806 J/mm2. The HS of the weld nugget zone (WNZ) decreased by 25.49 % compared to the parent material zone (PMZ). This decrease in HS is due to the phase change of magnesium silicide (Mg2Si), resulting in finer grains in the WNZ than in the PMZ. Meanwhile, the fracture angle of the impact test specimens was 81.7°, indicating moderate toughness characteristics.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785423030326Concave shoulder angleFriction stir weldingFractographyMicrostructureANN-GAAA6061-T651 |
| spellingShingle | Mulyadi Arif Wahjudi Agus Sigit Pramono I Made Londen Batan Ubaidillah A study of concave shoulder angle on the mechanical properties and fractography of friction stir welded AA6061-T651 joints Journal of Materials Research and Technology Concave shoulder angle Friction stir welding Fractography Microstructure ANN-GA AA6061-T651 |
| title | A study of concave shoulder angle on the mechanical properties and fractography of friction stir welded AA6061-T651 joints |
| title_full | A study of concave shoulder angle on the mechanical properties and fractography of friction stir welded AA6061-T651 joints |
| title_fullStr | A study of concave shoulder angle on the mechanical properties and fractography of friction stir welded AA6061-T651 joints |
| title_full_unstemmed | A study of concave shoulder angle on the mechanical properties and fractography of friction stir welded AA6061-T651 joints |
| title_short | A study of concave shoulder angle on the mechanical properties and fractography of friction stir welded AA6061-T651 joints |
| title_sort | study of concave shoulder angle on the mechanical properties and fractography of friction stir welded aa6061 t651 joints |
| topic | Concave shoulder angle Friction stir welding Fractography Microstructure ANN-GA AA6061-T651 |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785423030326 |
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