Invasive Mechanisms of One of the World’s Worst Alien Plant Species <i>Mimosa pigra</i> and Its Management
<i>Mimosa pigra</i> is native to Tropical America, and it has naturalized in many other countries especially in Australia, Eastern and Southern Africa and South Asia. The species is listed in the top 100 of the world’s worst invasive alien species and is listed as Least Concern in the IU...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/10/1960 |
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| author | Hisashi Kato-Noguchi |
| author_facet | Hisashi Kato-Noguchi |
| author_sort | Hisashi Kato-Noguchi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Mimosa pigra</i> is native to Tropical America, and it has naturalized in many other countries especially in Australia, Eastern and Southern Africa and South Asia. The species is listed in the top 100 of the world’s worst invasive alien species and is listed as Least Concern in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <i>M. pigra</i> forms very large monospecific stands in a wet–dry tropical climate with conditions such as floodplains, riverbanks, grasslands, forests and agricultural fields. The stands expand quickly and threaten the native flora and fauna in the invasive ranges. Possible mechanisms of the invasion of the species have been investigated and accumulated in the literature. The characteristics of the life history such as the high reproduction and high growth rate, vigorous mutualism with rhizobia and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, very few natural enemies, and allelopathy, and certain secondary metabolites may contribute to the invasiveness and naturalization of <i>M. pigra</i>. Herbicide application, such as aerial spraying, foliar, cut-stump and soil treatments, is the primary control methods of <i>M. pigra</i>. The investigation of the natural enemies of <i>M. pigra</i> has been conducted in its native ranges since 1979, and biological control agents have been selected based on host specificity, rearing and availability. Mechanical control practices, such as hand weeding, bulldozing, chaining and fire, were also effective. However, the species often regrow from the remaining plant parts. Integration of multiple weed control practices may be more effective than any single practice. This is the first review article focusing on the invasive mechanism of <i>M. pigra</i>. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:23:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-277814e516e04297b5703024281e2ad4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:23:09Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-277814e516e04297b5703024281e2ad42023-11-18T02:55:36ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472023-05-011210196010.3390/plants12101960Invasive Mechanisms of One of the World’s Worst Alien Plant Species <i>Mimosa pigra</i> and Its ManagementHisashi Kato-Noguchi0Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki 761-0795, Japan<i>Mimosa pigra</i> is native to Tropical America, and it has naturalized in many other countries especially in Australia, Eastern and Southern Africa and South Asia. The species is listed in the top 100 of the world’s worst invasive alien species and is listed as Least Concern in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <i>M. pigra</i> forms very large monospecific stands in a wet–dry tropical climate with conditions such as floodplains, riverbanks, grasslands, forests and agricultural fields. The stands expand quickly and threaten the native flora and fauna in the invasive ranges. Possible mechanisms of the invasion of the species have been investigated and accumulated in the literature. The characteristics of the life history such as the high reproduction and high growth rate, vigorous mutualism with rhizobia and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, very few natural enemies, and allelopathy, and certain secondary metabolites may contribute to the invasiveness and naturalization of <i>M. pigra</i>. Herbicide application, such as aerial spraying, foliar, cut-stump and soil treatments, is the primary control methods of <i>M. pigra</i>. The investigation of the natural enemies of <i>M. pigra</i> has been conducted in its native ranges since 1979, and biological control agents have been selected based on host specificity, rearing and availability. Mechanical control practices, such as hand weeding, bulldozing, chaining and fire, were also effective. However, the species often regrow from the remaining plant parts. Integration of multiple weed control practices may be more effective than any single practice. This is the first review article focusing on the invasive mechanism of <i>M. pigra</i>.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/10/1960allelopathybiological controlmonospecific standmutualismnatural enemyphytochemical |
| spellingShingle | Hisashi Kato-Noguchi Invasive Mechanisms of One of the World’s Worst Alien Plant Species <i>Mimosa pigra</i> and Its Management Plants allelopathy biological control monospecific stand mutualism natural enemy phytochemical |
| title | Invasive Mechanisms of One of the World’s Worst Alien Plant Species <i>Mimosa pigra</i> and Its Management |
| title_full | Invasive Mechanisms of One of the World’s Worst Alien Plant Species <i>Mimosa pigra</i> and Its Management |
| title_fullStr | Invasive Mechanisms of One of the World’s Worst Alien Plant Species <i>Mimosa pigra</i> and Its Management |
| title_full_unstemmed | Invasive Mechanisms of One of the World’s Worst Alien Plant Species <i>Mimosa pigra</i> and Its Management |
| title_short | Invasive Mechanisms of One of the World’s Worst Alien Plant Species <i>Mimosa pigra</i> and Its Management |
| title_sort | invasive mechanisms of one of the world s worst alien plant species i mimosa pigra i and its management |
| topic | allelopathy biological control monospecific stand mutualism natural enemy phytochemical |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/10/1960 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hisashikatonoguchi invasivemechanismsofoneoftheworldsworstalienplantspeciesimimosapigraianditsmanagement |