Combination of Biochar and Phosphorus Solubilizing Bacteria to Improve the Stable Form of Toxic Metal Minerals and Microbial Abundance in Lead/Cadmium-Contaminated Soil
Biochar adsorption and microbial remediation have great potential in the field of soil remediation, but since both are stressed by high concentrations of toxic heavy metals when applied alone, combining the two may become an effective remediation method. In this study, the application effect of phos...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/5/1003 |
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| author | Weiwei Lai Yuanyi Wu Chaonan Zhang Yimamu Dilinuer Lhamo Pasang Yuqi Lu Yuhong Wang Haoming Chen Zhen Li |
| author_facet | Weiwei Lai Yuanyi Wu Chaonan Zhang Yimamu Dilinuer Lhamo Pasang Yuqi Lu Yuhong Wang Haoming Chen Zhen Li |
| author_sort | Weiwei Lai |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Biochar adsorption and microbial remediation have great potential in the field of soil remediation, but since both are stressed by high concentrations of toxic heavy metals when applied alone, combining the two may become an effective remediation method. In this study, the application effect of phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) combined with rice husk biochar on the remediation of Pb/Cd-mixed pollution and the form differences of toxic metal were studied qualitatively and quantitatively. Compared with the contaminated soil, the combined remediation of biochar and PSB significantly increased the pH, carbon and phosphorus by 9.0%, 299.4% and 157.0%. Meanwhile, combined remediation increased the total microbial, bacterial and fungal biomass by 92.11%, 103.13% and 138.10%. This confirmed that the addition of biochar increased the soil nutrients and provided good conditions for PSB or native microorganisms to flourish. The extraction results showed that the stable form of Pb/Cd with biochar + PSB was better than that with biochar/PSB alone. Combined remediation significantly increased the acid-soluble and non-bioavailable fraction of Pb/Cd by 5/15 times and 14/5.8 times in contaminated soil. The acid-soluble and non-bioavailable fractions are the main fraction of toxic metals after combined remediation (>80%). The acid-soluble and non-bioavailable fractions were mainly carbonates and phosphate-based Pb/Cd minerals (XRD analysis). PCA and a GWB model further confirmed that the release of pH and phosphorus was the key to the passivation of Pb/Cd in a short time. Meanwhile, the combination of the biochar (phosphorus supply guarantee) and PSB (acid-soluble phosphorus function) can reduce soil acidification and improve soil nutrients, thus increasing microbial abundance in contaminated soil, even more than that in non-contaminated soil. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:31:04Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:31:04Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
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| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-27987cea9d4547a0885db50bb97ced2d2023-11-23T09:41:23ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952022-04-01125100310.3390/agronomy12051003Combination of Biochar and Phosphorus Solubilizing Bacteria to Improve the Stable Form of Toxic Metal Minerals and Microbial Abundance in Lead/Cadmium-Contaminated SoilWeiwei Lai0Yuanyi Wu1Chaonan Zhang2Yimamu Dilinuer3Lhamo Pasang4Yuqi Lu5Yuhong Wang6Haoming Chen7Zhen Li8School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, ChinaInstitute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaSchool of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, ChinaSchool of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, ChinaSchool of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, ChinaSchool of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, ChinaCo-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Longpan Road 159, Nanjing 210037, ChinaSchool of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, ChinaCollege of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaBiochar adsorption and microbial remediation have great potential in the field of soil remediation, but since both are stressed by high concentrations of toxic heavy metals when applied alone, combining the two may become an effective remediation method. In this study, the application effect of phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) combined with rice husk biochar on the remediation of Pb/Cd-mixed pollution and the form differences of toxic metal were studied qualitatively and quantitatively. Compared with the contaminated soil, the combined remediation of biochar and PSB significantly increased the pH, carbon and phosphorus by 9.0%, 299.4% and 157.0%. Meanwhile, combined remediation increased the total microbial, bacterial and fungal biomass by 92.11%, 103.13% and 138.10%. This confirmed that the addition of biochar increased the soil nutrients and provided good conditions for PSB or native microorganisms to flourish. The extraction results showed that the stable form of Pb/Cd with biochar + PSB was better than that with biochar/PSB alone. Combined remediation significantly increased the acid-soluble and non-bioavailable fraction of Pb/Cd by 5/15 times and 14/5.8 times in contaminated soil. The acid-soluble and non-bioavailable fractions are the main fraction of toxic metals after combined remediation (>80%). The acid-soluble and non-bioavailable fractions were mainly carbonates and phosphate-based Pb/Cd minerals (XRD analysis). PCA and a GWB model further confirmed that the release of pH and phosphorus was the key to the passivation of Pb/Cd in a short time. Meanwhile, the combination of the biochar (phosphorus supply guarantee) and PSB (acid-soluble phosphorus function) can reduce soil acidification and improve soil nutrients, thus increasing microbial abundance in contaminated soil, even more than that in non-contaminated soil.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/5/1003biocharphosphate solubilizing bacterialeadcadmiumcombined restoration |
| spellingShingle | Weiwei Lai Yuanyi Wu Chaonan Zhang Yimamu Dilinuer Lhamo Pasang Yuqi Lu Yuhong Wang Haoming Chen Zhen Li Combination of Biochar and Phosphorus Solubilizing Bacteria to Improve the Stable Form of Toxic Metal Minerals and Microbial Abundance in Lead/Cadmium-Contaminated Soil Agronomy biochar phosphate solubilizing bacteria lead cadmium combined restoration |
| title | Combination of Biochar and Phosphorus Solubilizing Bacteria to Improve the Stable Form of Toxic Metal Minerals and Microbial Abundance in Lead/Cadmium-Contaminated Soil |
| title_full | Combination of Biochar and Phosphorus Solubilizing Bacteria to Improve the Stable Form of Toxic Metal Minerals and Microbial Abundance in Lead/Cadmium-Contaminated Soil |
| title_fullStr | Combination of Biochar and Phosphorus Solubilizing Bacteria to Improve the Stable Form of Toxic Metal Minerals and Microbial Abundance in Lead/Cadmium-Contaminated Soil |
| title_full_unstemmed | Combination of Biochar and Phosphorus Solubilizing Bacteria to Improve the Stable Form of Toxic Metal Minerals and Microbial Abundance in Lead/Cadmium-Contaminated Soil |
| title_short | Combination of Biochar and Phosphorus Solubilizing Bacteria to Improve the Stable Form of Toxic Metal Minerals and Microbial Abundance in Lead/Cadmium-Contaminated Soil |
| title_sort | combination of biochar and phosphorus solubilizing bacteria to improve the stable form of toxic metal minerals and microbial abundance in lead cadmium contaminated soil |
| topic | biochar phosphate solubilizing bacteria lead cadmium combined restoration |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/5/1003 |
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