Peripheral Organ Equivalent Dose Estimation Procedure in Proton Therapy
The aim of this work is to present a reproducible methodology for the evaluation of total equivalent doses in organs during proton therapy facilities. The methodology is based on measuring the dose equivalent in representative locations inside an anthropomorphic phantom where photon and neutron dosi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Oncology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2022.882476/full |
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| author | Carles Domingo Juan Ignacio Lagares Maite Romero-Expósito Beatriz Sánchez-Nieto Jaime J. Nieto-Camero Jose Antonio Terrón Leticia Irazola Alexandru Dasu Alexandru Dasu Francisco Sánchez-Doblado |
| author_facet | Carles Domingo Juan Ignacio Lagares Maite Romero-Expósito Beatriz Sánchez-Nieto Jaime J. Nieto-Camero Jose Antonio Terrón Leticia Irazola Alexandru Dasu Alexandru Dasu Francisco Sánchez-Doblado |
| author_sort | Carles Domingo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The aim of this work is to present a reproducible methodology for the evaluation of total equivalent doses in organs during proton therapy facilities. The methodology is based on measuring the dose equivalent in representative locations inside an anthropomorphic phantom where photon and neutron dosimeters were inserted. The Monte Carlo simulation was needed for obtaining neutron energy distribution inside the phantom. The methodology was implemented for a head irradiation case in the passive proton beam of iThemba Labs (South Africa). Thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD)-600 and TLD-700 pairs were used as dosimeters inside the phantom and GEANT code for simulations. In addition, Bonner sphere spectrometry was performed inside the treatment room to obtain the neutron spectra, some relevant neutron dosimetric quantities per treatment Gy, and a percentual distribution of neutron fluence and ambient dose equivalent in four energy groups, at two locations. The neutron spectrum at one of those locations was also simulated so that a reasonable agreement between simulation and measurement allowed a validation of the simulation. Results showed that the total out-of-field dose equivalent inside the phantom ranged from 1.4 to 0.28 mSv/Gy, mainly due to the neutron contribution and with a small contribution from photons, 10% on average. The order of magnitude of the equivalent dose in organs was similar, displaying a slow reduction in values as the organ is farther from the target volume. These values were in agreement with those found by other authors in other passive beam facilities under similar irradiation and measurement conditions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T12:41:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-279c3fc09b9d4f8e853402bf60eaecaf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2234-943X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T12:41:26Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Oncology |
| spelling | doaj.art-279c3fc09b9d4f8e853402bf60eaecaf2022-12-22T00:24:13ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Oncology2234-943X2022-05-011210.3389/fonc.2022.882476882476Peripheral Organ Equivalent Dose Estimation Procedure in Proton TherapyCarles Domingo0Juan Ignacio Lagares1Maite Romero-Expósito2Beatriz Sánchez-Nieto3Jaime J. Nieto-Camero4Jose Antonio Terrón5Leticia Irazola6Alexandru Dasu7Alexandru Dasu8Francisco Sánchez-Doblado9Departament de Fisica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, SpainUnidad de Aplicaciones Médicas, Departamento de Tecnología, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, SpainThe Skandion Clinic, Uppsala, SwedenInstituto de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, ChileMedical Radiation Group, iThemba Labs, Faure, South AfricaServicio de Radiofísica, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, SpainServicio de Radiofísica y Protección Radiológica, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, SpainThe Skandion Clinic, Uppsala, SwedenMedical Radiation Sciences, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenDpto Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, SpainThe aim of this work is to present a reproducible methodology for the evaluation of total equivalent doses in organs during proton therapy facilities. The methodology is based on measuring the dose equivalent in representative locations inside an anthropomorphic phantom where photon and neutron dosimeters were inserted. The Monte Carlo simulation was needed for obtaining neutron energy distribution inside the phantom. The methodology was implemented for a head irradiation case in the passive proton beam of iThemba Labs (South Africa). Thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD)-600 and TLD-700 pairs were used as dosimeters inside the phantom and GEANT code for simulations. In addition, Bonner sphere spectrometry was performed inside the treatment room to obtain the neutron spectra, some relevant neutron dosimetric quantities per treatment Gy, and a percentual distribution of neutron fluence and ambient dose equivalent in four energy groups, at two locations. The neutron spectrum at one of those locations was also simulated so that a reasonable agreement between simulation and measurement allowed a validation of the simulation. Results showed that the total out-of-field dose equivalent inside the phantom ranged from 1.4 to 0.28 mSv/Gy, mainly due to the neutron contribution and with a small contribution from photons, 10% on average. The order of magnitude of the equivalent dose in organs was similar, displaying a slow reduction in values as the organ is farther from the target volume. These values were in agreement with those found by other authors in other passive beam facilities under similar irradiation and measurement conditions.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2022.882476/fullperipheral organ doseproton therapyneutron spectrometrysecondary cancer riskneutron and photon dose |
| spellingShingle | Carles Domingo Juan Ignacio Lagares Maite Romero-Expósito Beatriz Sánchez-Nieto Jaime J. Nieto-Camero Jose Antonio Terrón Leticia Irazola Alexandru Dasu Alexandru Dasu Francisco Sánchez-Doblado Peripheral Organ Equivalent Dose Estimation Procedure in Proton Therapy Frontiers in Oncology peripheral organ dose proton therapy neutron spectrometry secondary cancer risk neutron and photon dose |
| title | Peripheral Organ Equivalent Dose Estimation Procedure in Proton Therapy |
| title_full | Peripheral Organ Equivalent Dose Estimation Procedure in Proton Therapy |
| title_fullStr | Peripheral Organ Equivalent Dose Estimation Procedure in Proton Therapy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Peripheral Organ Equivalent Dose Estimation Procedure in Proton Therapy |
| title_short | Peripheral Organ Equivalent Dose Estimation Procedure in Proton Therapy |
| title_sort | peripheral organ equivalent dose estimation procedure in proton therapy |
| topic | peripheral organ dose proton therapy neutron spectrometry secondary cancer risk neutron and photon dose |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2022.882476/full |
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