The Utility of Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase as a Potential Biomarker to Predict the Oncological Outcomes for Urological Cancers: An Update
Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) catalyzes the N-methylation reaction of nicotinamide, using S-adenosyl-L-methionine as the methyl donor. Enzyme overexpression has been described in many non-neoplastic diseases, as well as in a wide range of solid malignancies. This review aims to report and...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Biomolecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/11/8/1214 |
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| author | Roberto Campagna Valentina Pozzi Graziana Spinelli Davide Sartini Giulio Milanese Andrea Benedetto Galosi Monica Emanuelli |
| author_facet | Roberto Campagna Valentina Pozzi Graziana Spinelli Davide Sartini Giulio Milanese Andrea Benedetto Galosi Monica Emanuelli |
| author_sort | Roberto Campagna |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) catalyzes the N-methylation reaction of nicotinamide, using S-adenosyl-L-methionine as the methyl donor. Enzyme overexpression has been described in many non-neoplastic diseases, as well as in a wide range of solid malignancies. This review aims to report and discuss evidence available in scientific literature, dealing with NNMT expression and the potential involvement in main urologic neoplasms, namely, renal, bladder and prostate cancers. Data illustrated in the cited studies clearly demonstrated NNMT upregulation (pathological vs. normal tissue) in association with these aforementioned tumors. In addition to this, enzyme levels were also found to correlate with key prognostic parameters and patient survival. Interestingly, NNMT overexpression also emerged in peripheral body fluids, such as blood and urine, thus leading to candidate the enzyme as promising biomarker for the early and non-invasive detection of these cancers. Examined results undoubtedly showed NNMT as having the capacity to promote cell proliferation, migration and invasiveness, as well as its potential participation in fundamental events highlighting cancer progression, metastasis and resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy. In the light of this evidence, it is reasonable to attribute to NNMT a promising role as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of urologic neoplasms, as well as a molecular target for effective anti-cancer treatment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:58:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-279e4a0c446f4e368e11ad84795c5d49 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-273X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:58:12Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
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| series | Biomolecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-279e4a0c446f4e368e11ad84795c5d492023-11-22T06:56:28ZengMDPI AGBiomolecules2218-273X2021-08-01118121410.3390/biom11081214The Utility of Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase as a Potential Biomarker to Predict the Oncological Outcomes for Urological Cancers: An UpdateRoberto Campagna0Valentina Pozzi1Graziana Spinelli2Davide Sartini3Giulio Milanese4Andrea Benedetto Galosi5Monica Emanuelli6Department of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, ItalyDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, ItalyDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, ItalyDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, ItalyDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, ItalyDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, ItalyDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, ItalyNicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) catalyzes the N-methylation reaction of nicotinamide, using S-adenosyl-L-methionine as the methyl donor. Enzyme overexpression has been described in many non-neoplastic diseases, as well as in a wide range of solid malignancies. This review aims to report and discuss evidence available in scientific literature, dealing with NNMT expression and the potential involvement in main urologic neoplasms, namely, renal, bladder and prostate cancers. Data illustrated in the cited studies clearly demonstrated NNMT upregulation (pathological vs. normal tissue) in association with these aforementioned tumors. In addition to this, enzyme levels were also found to correlate with key prognostic parameters and patient survival. Interestingly, NNMT overexpression also emerged in peripheral body fluids, such as blood and urine, thus leading to candidate the enzyme as promising biomarker for the early and non-invasive detection of these cancers. Examined results undoubtedly showed NNMT as having the capacity to promote cell proliferation, migration and invasiveness, as well as its potential participation in fundamental events highlighting cancer progression, metastasis and resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy. In the light of this evidence, it is reasonable to attribute to NNMT a promising role as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of urologic neoplasms, as well as a molecular target for effective anti-cancer treatment.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/11/8/1214nicotinamide N-methyltransferaserenal cell carcinomabladder cancerprostate cancertumor biomarkermolecular target |
| spellingShingle | Roberto Campagna Valentina Pozzi Graziana Spinelli Davide Sartini Giulio Milanese Andrea Benedetto Galosi Monica Emanuelli The Utility of Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase as a Potential Biomarker to Predict the Oncological Outcomes for Urological Cancers: An Update Biomolecules nicotinamide N-methyltransferase renal cell carcinoma bladder cancer prostate cancer tumor biomarker molecular target |
| title | The Utility of Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase as a Potential Biomarker to Predict the Oncological Outcomes for Urological Cancers: An Update |
| title_full | The Utility of Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase as a Potential Biomarker to Predict the Oncological Outcomes for Urological Cancers: An Update |
| title_fullStr | The Utility of Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase as a Potential Biomarker to Predict the Oncological Outcomes for Urological Cancers: An Update |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Utility of Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase as a Potential Biomarker to Predict the Oncological Outcomes for Urological Cancers: An Update |
| title_short | The Utility of Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase as a Potential Biomarker to Predict the Oncological Outcomes for Urological Cancers: An Update |
| title_sort | utility of nicotinamide n methyltransferase as a potential biomarker to predict the oncological outcomes for urological cancers an update |
| topic | nicotinamide N-methyltransferase renal cell carcinoma bladder cancer prostate cancer tumor biomarker molecular target |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/11/8/1214 |
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