Recycling waste nitrile rubber (NBR) and improving mechanical properties of Re-vulcanized rubber by an efficient chemo-mechanical devulcanization
Waste rubbers are environmental pollutants that could not be easily recycled. Devulcanization (i.e. as a reverse process of rubber vulcanization) is considered as a promising method for recycling of rubber wastes. In this study, a simple and effective chemo-mechanical devulcanization for waste nitri...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Advanced Industrial and Engineering Polymer Research |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S254250482300009X |
| _version_ | 1797790038844506112 |
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| author | Mohammad Amin Ghowsi Masoud Jamshidi |
| author_facet | Mohammad Amin Ghowsi Masoud Jamshidi |
| author_sort | Mohammad Amin Ghowsi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Waste rubbers are environmental pollutants that could not be easily recycled. Devulcanization (i.e. as a reverse process of rubber vulcanization) is considered as a promising method for recycling of rubber wastes. In this study, a simple and effective chemo-mechanical devulcanization for waste nitrile rubber (WNBR) was introduced and compared to the mechanical, thermo-chemo-mechanical and radio-chemo-mechanical methods. The mechanical stress was applied to crumbed waste rubbers using a two roll mill in presence of different chemical agents (i.e. N-cyclohexyl-2- benzothiazole sulfonamide (CBS), tetra methyl thiuram disulfide (TMTD), diphenyl disulfide (DPDS), VitaX and a mixture of VitaX and DPDS). The sheet formation time on two roll mill, crosslink density (CLD) and sol/gel contents of waste rubber powders were measured before and after devulcanization. The devulcanized rubbers were characterized using TGA, DSC and GPC analysis. Finally, the properties of devulcanized nitrile rubber (i.e. the tensile, hardness and curing properties) were evaluated and compared to pristine NBR. It was found that VitaX is the most efficient chemical agent among the chemical agents. It caused 43, 87 and 98% decrement in the sheet formation time of chemo-mechanically, thermo-chemo-mechanically and radio-chemo-mechanically devulcanized samples compared to the mechanically devulcanized NBR, respectively. The samples also showed 24, 33 and 100% increment in the sol content, devulcanization percent and tensile strength compared to the mechanically devulcanized NBR, respectively. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T01:59:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-27aa65b29dc14fb187107d7f595e79c9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2542-5048 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T01:59:05Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Advanced Industrial and Engineering Polymer Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-27aa65b29dc14fb187107d7f595e79c92023-07-02T04:17:07ZengKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.Advanced Industrial and Engineering Polymer Research2542-50482023-07-0163255264Recycling waste nitrile rubber (NBR) and improving mechanical properties of Re-vulcanized rubber by an efficient chemo-mechanical devulcanizationMohammad Amin Ghowsi0Masoud Jamshidi1Constructional Polymers & Composites Research Lab, School of Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, IranCorresponding author.; Constructional Polymers & Composites Research Lab, School of Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, IranWaste rubbers are environmental pollutants that could not be easily recycled. Devulcanization (i.e. as a reverse process of rubber vulcanization) is considered as a promising method for recycling of rubber wastes. In this study, a simple and effective chemo-mechanical devulcanization for waste nitrile rubber (WNBR) was introduced and compared to the mechanical, thermo-chemo-mechanical and radio-chemo-mechanical methods. The mechanical stress was applied to crumbed waste rubbers using a two roll mill in presence of different chemical agents (i.e. N-cyclohexyl-2- benzothiazole sulfonamide (CBS), tetra methyl thiuram disulfide (TMTD), diphenyl disulfide (DPDS), VitaX and a mixture of VitaX and DPDS). The sheet formation time on two roll mill, crosslink density (CLD) and sol/gel contents of waste rubber powders were measured before and after devulcanization. The devulcanized rubbers were characterized using TGA, DSC and GPC analysis. Finally, the properties of devulcanized nitrile rubber (i.e. the tensile, hardness and curing properties) were evaluated and compared to pristine NBR. It was found that VitaX is the most efficient chemical agent among the chemical agents. It caused 43, 87 and 98% decrement in the sheet formation time of chemo-mechanically, thermo-chemo-mechanically and radio-chemo-mechanically devulcanized samples compared to the mechanically devulcanized NBR, respectively. The samples also showed 24, 33 and 100% increment in the sol content, devulcanization percent and tensile strength compared to the mechanically devulcanized NBR, respectively.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S254250482300009XDevulcanizationRecyclingWaste rubberNBRChemical agentMechanical properties |
| spellingShingle | Mohammad Amin Ghowsi Masoud Jamshidi Recycling waste nitrile rubber (NBR) and improving mechanical properties of Re-vulcanized rubber by an efficient chemo-mechanical devulcanization Advanced Industrial and Engineering Polymer Research Devulcanization Recycling Waste rubber NBR Chemical agent Mechanical properties |
| title | Recycling waste nitrile rubber (NBR) and improving mechanical properties of Re-vulcanized rubber by an efficient chemo-mechanical devulcanization |
| title_full | Recycling waste nitrile rubber (NBR) and improving mechanical properties of Re-vulcanized rubber by an efficient chemo-mechanical devulcanization |
| title_fullStr | Recycling waste nitrile rubber (NBR) and improving mechanical properties of Re-vulcanized rubber by an efficient chemo-mechanical devulcanization |
| title_full_unstemmed | Recycling waste nitrile rubber (NBR) and improving mechanical properties of Re-vulcanized rubber by an efficient chemo-mechanical devulcanization |
| title_short | Recycling waste nitrile rubber (NBR) and improving mechanical properties of Re-vulcanized rubber by an efficient chemo-mechanical devulcanization |
| title_sort | recycling waste nitrile rubber nbr and improving mechanical properties of re vulcanized rubber by an efficient chemo mechanical devulcanization |
| topic | Devulcanization Recycling Waste rubber NBR Chemical agent Mechanical properties |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S254250482300009X |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mohammadaminghowsi recyclingwastenitrilerubbernbrandimprovingmechanicalpropertiesofrevulcanizedrubberbyanefficientchemomechanicaldevulcanization AT masoudjamshidi recyclingwastenitrilerubbernbrandimprovingmechanicalpropertiesofrevulcanizedrubberbyanefficientchemomechanicaldevulcanization |