Association between <i>Plasmodium</i> Infection and Nitric Oxide Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Nitric oxide (NO) has been implicated in the pathology of malaria. This systematic review and meta-analysis describe the association between NO levels and malaria. Embase, Ovid, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched to identify studies evaluating NO levels in malaria patients and uninfect...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/12/10/1868 |
| _version_ | 1797574863684108288 |
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| author | Kwuntida Uthaisar Kotepui Aongart Mahittikorn Polrat Wilairatana Frederick Ramirez Masangkay Manas Kotepui |
| author_facet | Kwuntida Uthaisar Kotepui Aongart Mahittikorn Polrat Wilairatana Frederick Ramirez Masangkay Manas Kotepui |
| author_sort | Kwuntida Uthaisar Kotepui |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Nitric oxide (NO) has been implicated in the pathology of malaria. This systematic review and meta-analysis describe the association between NO levels and malaria. Embase, Ovid, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched to identify studies evaluating NO levels in malaria patients and uninfected controls. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were conducted to discern differences in NO levels between the groups. Of the 4517 records identified, 21 studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The findings illustrated significant disparities in NO levels based on geographic location and study time frames. Despite the fluctuations, such as higher NO levels in adults compared to children, no significant differences in mean NO levels between patients and uninfected controls (<i>p</i> = 0.25, Hedge’s g: 0.35, 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.25–0.96, <i>I</i><sup>2</sup>: 97.39%) or between severe and non-severe malaria cases (<i>p</i> = 0.09, Hedge’s g: 0.71, 95% CI: −0.11–1.54, <i>I</i><sup>2</sup>: 96.07%) were detected. The systematic review and meta-analysis highlighted inconsistencies in NO levels in malaria patients. Given the high heterogeneity of the results, further studies using standardized metrics for NO measurements and focusing on biochemical pathways dictating NO responses in malaria are imperative to understand the association between NO and malaria. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:29:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-27c22cc631c94b5e8c287049d3004165 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:29:07Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj.art-27c22cc631c94b5e8c287049d30041652023-11-19T15:28:18ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212023-10-011210186810.3390/antiox12101868Association between <i>Plasmodium</i> Infection and Nitric Oxide Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisKwuntida Uthaisar Kotepui0Aongart Mahittikorn1Polrat Wilairatana2Frederick Ramirez Masangkay3Manas Kotepui4Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, ThailandDepartment of Protozoology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, ThailandDepartment of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, ThailandDepartment of Medical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1008, PhilippinesMedical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, ThailandNitric oxide (NO) has been implicated in the pathology of malaria. This systematic review and meta-analysis describe the association between NO levels and malaria. Embase, Ovid, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched to identify studies evaluating NO levels in malaria patients and uninfected controls. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were conducted to discern differences in NO levels between the groups. Of the 4517 records identified, 21 studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The findings illustrated significant disparities in NO levels based on geographic location and study time frames. Despite the fluctuations, such as higher NO levels in adults compared to children, no significant differences in mean NO levels between patients and uninfected controls (<i>p</i> = 0.25, Hedge’s g: 0.35, 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.25–0.96, <i>I</i><sup>2</sup>: 97.39%) or between severe and non-severe malaria cases (<i>p</i> = 0.09, Hedge’s g: 0.71, 95% CI: −0.11–1.54, <i>I</i><sup>2</sup>: 96.07%) were detected. The systematic review and meta-analysis highlighted inconsistencies in NO levels in malaria patients. Given the high heterogeneity of the results, further studies using standardized metrics for NO measurements and focusing on biochemical pathways dictating NO responses in malaria are imperative to understand the association between NO and malaria.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/12/10/1868malariasystematic reviewmeta-analysisnitric oxide<i>Plasmodium</i> |
| spellingShingle | Kwuntida Uthaisar Kotepui Aongart Mahittikorn Polrat Wilairatana Frederick Ramirez Masangkay Manas Kotepui Association between <i>Plasmodium</i> Infection and Nitric Oxide Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Antioxidants malaria systematic review meta-analysis nitric oxide <i>Plasmodium</i> |
| title | Association between <i>Plasmodium</i> Infection and Nitric Oxide Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_full | Association between <i>Plasmodium</i> Infection and Nitric Oxide Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_fullStr | Association between <i>Plasmodium</i> Infection and Nitric Oxide Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Association between <i>Plasmodium</i> Infection and Nitric Oxide Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_short | Association between <i>Plasmodium</i> Infection and Nitric Oxide Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_sort | association between i plasmodium i infection and nitric oxide levels a systematic review and meta analysis |
| topic | malaria systematic review meta-analysis nitric oxide <i>Plasmodium</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/12/10/1868 |
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