Mediterranean Diet Score: Associations with Metabolic Products of the Intestinal Microbiome, Carotid Plaque Burden, and Renal Function
Metabolic products of the intestinal microbiome such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) that accumulate in renal failure (gut-derived uremic toxins, GDUTs) affect atherosclerosis and increase cardiovascular risk. We hypothesized that patients on a Mediterranean diet and those consuming lower amounts o...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2018-06-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/10/6/779 |
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| author | Michael Pignanelli Caroline Just Chrysi Bogiatzi Vincent Dinculescu Gregory B. Gloor Emma Allen-Vercoe Gregor Reid Bradley L. Urquhart Kelsey N. Ruetz Thomas J. Velenosi J. David Spence |
| author_facet | Michael Pignanelli Caroline Just Chrysi Bogiatzi Vincent Dinculescu Gregory B. Gloor Emma Allen-Vercoe Gregor Reid Bradley L. Urquhart Kelsey N. Ruetz Thomas J. Velenosi J. David Spence |
| author_sort | Michael Pignanelli |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Metabolic products of the intestinal microbiome such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) that accumulate in renal failure (gut-derived uremic toxins, GDUTs) affect atherosclerosis and increase cardiovascular risk. We hypothesized that patients on a Mediterranean diet and those consuming lower amounts of dietary precursors would have lower levels of GDUTs. Patients attending vascular prevention clinics completed a Harvard Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and had plasma levels of TMAO, p-cresylsulfate, hippuric acid, indoxyl sulfate, p-cresyl glucuronide, phenyl acetyl glutamine, and phenyl sulfate measured by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Carotid plaque burden was measured by ultrasound; CKD-Epi equations were used to estimate the glomerular filtration rate. In total, 276 patients completed the study. Even moderate renal function significantly increased plasma GDUTs, which were significantly associated with higher carotid plaque burden. There was no significant difference in plasma levels of any GDUT associated with a Mediterranean diet score or with intake of dietary precursors. In omnivorous patients with vascular disease, the intake of dietary precursors of intestinal metabolites or adherence to a Mediterranean diet did not change plasma GDUT. Approaches other than diet, such as probiotics and repopulation of the intestinal microbiome, may be required to mitigate the adverse effects of GDUTs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T01:41:42Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T01:41:42Z |
| publishDate | 2018-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-27d535d4456f47c8bf169e74fda066bd2022-12-22T03:08:09ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432018-06-0110677910.3390/nu10060779nu10060779Mediterranean Diet Score: Associations with Metabolic Products of the Intestinal Microbiome, Carotid Plaque Burden, and Renal FunctionMichael Pignanelli0Caroline Just1Chrysi Bogiatzi2Vincent Dinculescu3Gregory B. Gloor4Emma Allen-Vercoe5Gregor Reid6Bradley L. Urquhart7Kelsey N. Ruetz8Thomas J. Velenosi9J. David Spence10Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry M.D. Candidate (CIHR Summer Research Training Program), London, ON N6A 3K7, CanadaDivision of Neurology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, CanadaStroke Prevention & Atherosclerosis Research Centre, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, 1400 Western Road, London, ON N6G 2V4, CanadaDepartment of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, CanadaDepartment of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, CanadaDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, CanadaDepartments of Urology and Microbiology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, CanadaDepartments of Physiology & Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, CanadaDepartments of Physiology & Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, CanadaDepartments of Physiology & Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, CanadaStroke Prevention & Atherosclerosis Research Centre, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, 1400 Western Road, London, ON N6G 2V4, CanadaMetabolic products of the intestinal microbiome such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) that accumulate in renal failure (gut-derived uremic toxins, GDUTs) affect atherosclerosis and increase cardiovascular risk. We hypothesized that patients on a Mediterranean diet and those consuming lower amounts of dietary precursors would have lower levels of GDUTs. Patients attending vascular prevention clinics completed a Harvard Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and had plasma levels of TMAO, p-cresylsulfate, hippuric acid, indoxyl sulfate, p-cresyl glucuronide, phenyl acetyl glutamine, and phenyl sulfate measured by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Carotid plaque burden was measured by ultrasound; CKD-Epi equations were used to estimate the glomerular filtration rate. In total, 276 patients completed the study. Even moderate renal function significantly increased plasma GDUTs, which were significantly associated with higher carotid plaque burden. There was no significant difference in plasma levels of any GDUT associated with a Mediterranean diet score or with intake of dietary precursors. In omnivorous patients with vascular disease, the intake of dietary precursors of intestinal metabolites or adherence to a Mediterranean diet did not change plasma GDUT. Approaches other than diet, such as probiotics and repopulation of the intestinal microbiome, may be required to mitigate the adverse effects of GDUTs.http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/10/6/779intestinal microbiomemetabolitesMediterranean dietTMAOcarotid plaquerenal function |
| spellingShingle | Michael Pignanelli Caroline Just Chrysi Bogiatzi Vincent Dinculescu Gregory B. Gloor Emma Allen-Vercoe Gregor Reid Bradley L. Urquhart Kelsey N. Ruetz Thomas J. Velenosi J. David Spence Mediterranean Diet Score: Associations with Metabolic Products of the Intestinal Microbiome, Carotid Plaque Burden, and Renal Function Nutrients intestinal microbiome metabolites Mediterranean diet TMAO carotid plaque renal function |
| title | Mediterranean Diet Score: Associations with Metabolic Products of the Intestinal Microbiome, Carotid Plaque Burden, and Renal Function |
| title_full | Mediterranean Diet Score: Associations with Metabolic Products of the Intestinal Microbiome, Carotid Plaque Burden, and Renal Function |
| title_fullStr | Mediterranean Diet Score: Associations with Metabolic Products of the Intestinal Microbiome, Carotid Plaque Burden, and Renal Function |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mediterranean Diet Score: Associations with Metabolic Products of the Intestinal Microbiome, Carotid Plaque Burden, and Renal Function |
| title_short | Mediterranean Diet Score: Associations with Metabolic Products of the Intestinal Microbiome, Carotid Plaque Burden, and Renal Function |
| title_sort | mediterranean diet score associations with metabolic products of the intestinal microbiome carotid plaque burden and renal function |
| topic | intestinal microbiome metabolites Mediterranean diet TMAO carotid plaque renal function |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/10/6/779 |
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