Spatio-Temporal Heterogeneity and Cumulative Ecological Impacts of Coastal Reclamation in Coastal Waters
The coastal reclamation, as one of the most extreme transformations of the ocean space by humans, still lacks scientific quantitative evaluating methods to a large extent, compared with the evolution of land use patterns. A cumulative ecological impacts of reclamation (RCEI) was established in our s...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/6/1495 |
| _version_ | 1797609186468560896 |
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| author | Jingfang Lu Xianqing Lv Honghua Shi |
| author_facet | Jingfang Lu Xianqing Lv Honghua Shi |
| author_sort | Jingfang Lu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The coastal reclamation, as one of the most extreme transformations of the ocean space by humans, still lacks scientific quantitative evaluating methods to a large extent, compared with the evolution of land use patterns. A cumulative ecological impacts of reclamation (RCEI) was established in our study based on ecological influence characteristics of different reclamation types, and the attenuation effect of reclamation on adjacent areas. It was characterized by spatio-temporal features in decades. Here, we estimated that the cumulative reclamation area in the Bohai Sea from 1985 to 2018 was 5839.5 km<sup>2</sup>. Under the influence of human activity, proportions of the industrial and urban boundary, marine construction boundaries (e.g., ports, wharves, and bridges), and protective dams were increased significantly, which led to a sharp increase of the RCEI. In addition, spatio-temporal changes of reclamation were affected by the combination of population growth, economic development, urbanization, industrialization, and marine industry development in coastal cities. These results provided an important historical reference for tracking future development of the Bohai Sea by humans and provided basic data support for the development and protection of the ocean. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:58:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-27d5c98006df41fb9229684c40f5945c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:58:01Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-27d5c98006df41fb9229684c40f5945c2023-11-17T13:37:52ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922023-03-01156149510.3390/rs15061495Spatio-Temporal Heterogeneity and Cumulative Ecological Impacts of Coastal Reclamation in Coastal WatersJingfang Lu0Xianqing Lv1Honghua Shi2Frontier Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System (FDOMES) and Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, ChinaFrontier Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System (FDOMES) and Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, ChinaFirst Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, ChinaThe coastal reclamation, as one of the most extreme transformations of the ocean space by humans, still lacks scientific quantitative evaluating methods to a large extent, compared with the evolution of land use patterns. A cumulative ecological impacts of reclamation (RCEI) was established in our study based on ecological influence characteristics of different reclamation types, and the attenuation effect of reclamation on adjacent areas. It was characterized by spatio-temporal features in decades. Here, we estimated that the cumulative reclamation area in the Bohai Sea from 1985 to 2018 was 5839.5 km<sup>2</sup>. Under the influence of human activity, proportions of the industrial and urban boundary, marine construction boundaries (e.g., ports, wharves, and bridges), and protective dams were increased significantly, which led to a sharp increase of the RCEI. In addition, spatio-temporal changes of reclamation were affected by the combination of population growth, economic development, urbanization, industrialization, and marine industry development in coastal cities. These results provided an important historical reference for tracking future development of the Bohai Sea by humans and provided basic data support for the development and protection of the ocean.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/6/1495coastal watermovable water bodies boundary (MWBB)cumulative ecological impactreclamationdriving factorspatio-temporal heterogeneity |
| spellingShingle | Jingfang Lu Xianqing Lv Honghua Shi Spatio-Temporal Heterogeneity and Cumulative Ecological Impacts of Coastal Reclamation in Coastal Waters Remote Sensing coastal water movable water bodies boundary (MWBB) cumulative ecological impact reclamation driving factor spatio-temporal heterogeneity |
| title | Spatio-Temporal Heterogeneity and Cumulative Ecological Impacts of Coastal Reclamation in Coastal Waters |
| title_full | Spatio-Temporal Heterogeneity and Cumulative Ecological Impacts of Coastal Reclamation in Coastal Waters |
| title_fullStr | Spatio-Temporal Heterogeneity and Cumulative Ecological Impacts of Coastal Reclamation in Coastal Waters |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spatio-Temporal Heterogeneity and Cumulative Ecological Impacts of Coastal Reclamation in Coastal Waters |
| title_short | Spatio-Temporal Heterogeneity and Cumulative Ecological Impacts of Coastal Reclamation in Coastal Waters |
| title_sort | spatio temporal heterogeneity and cumulative ecological impacts of coastal reclamation in coastal waters |
| topic | coastal water movable water bodies boundary (MWBB) cumulative ecological impact reclamation driving factor spatio-temporal heterogeneity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/6/1495 |
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