The Role of Fibrinogen, Homocysteine and Metabolic Syndrome’s Alterations in Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SSHL): A Narrative Review
Fibrinogen and homocysteine (HCY) are molecules known to play a role in vascular homeostasis, and their blood levels are often elevated in patients with metabolic syndrome. Recent evidence suggests that sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL) may have a vascular origin. This has led many authors to...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Medicina |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/59/11/1977 |
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| author | Daniele Monzani Carlotta Liberale Erika Segato Francesca De Cecco Valerio Arietti Silvia Palma Luca Sacchetto Riccardo Nocini |
| author_facet | Daniele Monzani Carlotta Liberale Erika Segato Francesca De Cecco Valerio Arietti Silvia Palma Luca Sacchetto Riccardo Nocini |
| author_sort | Daniele Monzani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Fibrinogen and homocysteine (HCY) are molecules known to play a role in vascular homeostasis, and their blood levels are often elevated in patients with metabolic syndrome. Recent evidence suggests that sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL) may have a vascular origin. This has led many authors to advocate that fibrinogen, homocysteine, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) may play a direct role in SSHL. The aim of this brief review is to examine the role and influence of these molecules and MetS on the mechanisms of SSHL. Elevated fibrinogen levels have been associated with a worse prognosis in SSHL, possibly due to increased blood viscosity and decreased blood flow. Similarly, HCY has been associated with vascular damage, particularly in hyperhomocysteinemia, although the exact association with SSHL remains controversial. MetS has been demonstrated to function both as a causative factor and as a contributor to poorer recovery in cases of SSHL. However, although some studies suggest a possible role for these biomarkers and MetS in the prognosis and treatment of SSHL, specific therapeutic and preventive strategies based solely on these factors have yet to be developed. Given their potential role in prognosis and treatment and the global epidemic of metabolic syndrome, this issue needs to be analyzed comprehensively. Thus, further quality studies need to be conducted, even though it is difficult to determine the actual impact of MetS on the development of SSHL, as it is a multifactorial disease affecting multiple organs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:37:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-27da6e3d76854a068e486b0487581ac7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1010-660X 1648-9144 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:37:54Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Medicina |
| spelling | doaj.art-27da6e3d76854a068e486b0487581ac72023-11-24T14:54:53ZengMDPI AGMedicina1010-660X1648-91442023-11-015911197710.3390/medicina59111977The Role of Fibrinogen, Homocysteine and Metabolic Syndrome’s Alterations in Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SSHL): A Narrative ReviewDaniele Monzani0Carlotta Liberale1Erika Segato2Francesca De Cecco3Valerio Arietti4Silvia Palma5Luca Sacchetto6Riccardo Nocini7Unit of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Department, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, ItalyUnit of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Department, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, ItalyUnit of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Department, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, ItalyUnit of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Department, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, ItalyUnit of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Department, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, ItalyOtolaryngology and Audiology Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, ItalyUnit of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Department, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, ItalyUnit of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Department, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, ItalyFibrinogen and homocysteine (HCY) are molecules known to play a role in vascular homeostasis, and their blood levels are often elevated in patients with metabolic syndrome. Recent evidence suggests that sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL) may have a vascular origin. This has led many authors to advocate that fibrinogen, homocysteine, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) may play a direct role in SSHL. The aim of this brief review is to examine the role and influence of these molecules and MetS on the mechanisms of SSHL. Elevated fibrinogen levels have been associated with a worse prognosis in SSHL, possibly due to increased blood viscosity and decreased blood flow. Similarly, HCY has been associated with vascular damage, particularly in hyperhomocysteinemia, although the exact association with SSHL remains controversial. MetS has been demonstrated to function both as a causative factor and as a contributor to poorer recovery in cases of SSHL. However, although some studies suggest a possible role for these biomarkers and MetS in the prognosis and treatment of SSHL, specific therapeutic and preventive strategies based solely on these factors have yet to be developed. Given their potential role in prognosis and treatment and the global epidemic of metabolic syndrome, this issue needs to be analyzed comprehensively. Thus, further quality studies need to be conducted, even though it is difficult to determine the actual impact of MetS on the development of SSHL, as it is a multifactorial disease affecting multiple organs.https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/59/11/1977sudden sensorineural hearing lossfibrinogenhomocysteinemetabolic syndrometherapies |
| spellingShingle | Daniele Monzani Carlotta Liberale Erika Segato Francesca De Cecco Valerio Arietti Silvia Palma Luca Sacchetto Riccardo Nocini The Role of Fibrinogen, Homocysteine and Metabolic Syndrome’s Alterations in Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SSHL): A Narrative Review Medicina sudden sensorineural hearing loss fibrinogen homocysteine metabolic syndrome therapies |
| title | The Role of Fibrinogen, Homocysteine and Metabolic Syndrome’s Alterations in Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SSHL): A Narrative Review |
| title_full | The Role of Fibrinogen, Homocysteine and Metabolic Syndrome’s Alterations in Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SSHL): A Narrative Review |
| title_fullStr | The Role of Fibrinogen, Homocysteine and Metabolic Syndrome’s Alterations in Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SSHL): A Narrative Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Role of Fibrinogen, Homocysteine and Metabolic Syndrome’s Alterations in Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SSHL): A Narrative Review |
| title_short | The Role of Fibrinogen, Homocysteine and Metabolic Syndrome’s Alterations in Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SSHL): A Narrative Review |
| title_sort | role of fibrinogen homocysteine and metabolic syndrome s alterations in sudden sensorineural hearing loss sshl a narrative review |
| topic | sudden sensorineural hearing loss fibrinogen homocysteine metabolic syndrome therapies |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/59/11/1977 |
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