The potential role of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in acute coronary syndrome and type 2 myocardial infarction (T2MI): Intertwining spread
Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a novel pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). It has been shown that SARS‐CoV‐2 infection‐induced inflammatory and oxidative stress and associated endothelial dysfunction may lead to the development of acute c...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Immunity, Inflammation and Disease |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/iid3.798 |
| _version_ | 1797857536129368064 |
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| author | Aseel Awad Alsaidan Hayder M. Al‐Kuraishy Ali I. Al‐Gareeb Athanasios Alexiou Marios Papadakis Khalid Adel Alsayed Hebatallah M. Saad Gaber El‐Saber Batiha |
| author_facet | Aseel Awad Alsaidan Hayder M. Al‐Kuraishy Ali I. Al‐Gareeb Athanasios Alexiou Marios Papadakis Khalid Adel Alsayed Hebatallah M. Saad Gaber El‐Saber Batiha |
| author_sort | Aseel Awad Alsaidan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a novel pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). It has been shown that SARS‐CoV‐2 infection‐induced inflammatory and oxidative stress and associated endothelial dysfunction may lead to the development of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Therefore, this review aimed to ascertain the link between severe SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and ACS. ACS is a spectrum of acute myocardial ischemia due to a sudden decrease in coronary blood flow, ranging from unstable angina to myocardial infarction (MI). Primary or type 1 MI (T1MI) is mainly caused by coronary plaque rupture and/or erosion with subsequent occlusive thrombosis. Secondary or type 2 MI (T2MI) is due to cardiac and systemic disorders without acute coronary atherothrombotic disruption. Acute SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is linked with the development of nonobstructive coronary disorders such as coronary vasospasm, dilated cardiomyopathy, myocardial fibrosis, and myocarditis. Furthermore, SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is associated with systemic inflammation that might affect coronary atherosclerotic plaque stability through augmentation of cardiac preload and afterload. Nevertheless, major coronary vessels with atherosclerotic plaques develop minor inflammation during COVID‐19 since coronary arteries are not initially and primarily targeted by SARS‐CoV‐2 due to low expression of angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 in coronary vessels. In conclusion, SARS‐CoV‐2 infection through hypercytokinemia, direct cardiomyocyte injury, and dysregulation of the renin‐angiotensin system may aggravate underlying ACS or cause new‐onset T2MI. As well, arrhythmias induced by anti‐COVID‐19 medications could worsen underlying ACS. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T20:59:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-27daa87fbf4e4ac0903ca728c4e19979 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2050-4527 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T20:59:26Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Immunity, Inflammation and Disease |
| spelling | doaj.art-27daa87fbf4e4ac0903ca728c4e199792023-03-29T12:18:30ZengWileyImmunity, Inflammation and Disease2050-45272023-03-01113n/an/a10.1002/iid3.798The potential role of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in acute coronary syndrome and type 2 myocardial infarction (T2MI): Intertwining spreadAseel Awad Alsaidan0Hayder M. Al‐Kuraishy1Ali I. Al‐Gareeb2Athanasios Alexiou3Marios Papadakis4Khalid Adel Alsayed5Hebatallah M. Saad6Gaber El‐Saber Batiha7Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine Jouf University Sakaka Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine ALmustansiriyia University Baghdad IraqDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine ALmustansiriyia University Baghdad IraqDepartment of Science and Engineering Novel Global Community Educational Foundation Hebersham New South Wales AustraliaDepartment of Surgery II, University Hospital Witten‐Herdecke, Heusnerstrasse 40 University of Witten‐Herdecke Wuppertal GermanyDepartment of Family and Community Medicine Security Forces Hospital Program Riyadh Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Matrouh University Matrouh EgyptDepartment of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Damanhour University AlBeheira EgyptAbstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a novel pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). It has been shown that SARS‐CoV‐2 infection‐induced inflammatory and oxidative stress and associated endothelial dysfunction may lead to the development of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Therefore, this review aimed to ascertain the link between severe SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and ACS. ACS is a spectrum of acute myocardial ischemia due to a sudden decrease in coronary blood flow, ranging from unstable angina to myocardial infarction (MI). Primary or type 1 MI (T1MI) is mainly caused by coronary plaque rupture and/or erosion with subsequent occlusive thrombosis. Secondary or type 2 MI (T2MI) is due to cardiac and systemic disorders without acute coronary atherothrombotic disruption. Acute SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is linked with the development of nonobstructive coronary disorders such as coronary vasospasm, dilated cardiomyopathy, myocardial fibrosis, and myocarditis. Furthermore, SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is associated with systemic inflammation that might affect coronary atherosclerotic plaque stability through augmentation of cardiac preload and afterload. Nevertheless, major coronary vessels with atherosclerotic plaques develop minor inflammation during COVID‐19 since coronary arteries are not initially and primarily targeted by SARS‐CoV‐2 due to low expression of angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 in coronary vessels. In conclusion, SARS‐CoV‐2 infection through hypercytokinemia, direct cardiomyocyte injury, and dysregulation of the renin‐angiotensin system may aggravate underlying ACS or cause new‐onset T2MI. As well, arrhythmias induced by anti‐COVID‐19 medications could worsen underlying ACS.https://doi.org/10.1002/iid3.798acute coronary syndromeacute myocardial ischemiaarrhythmiasatherosclerotic plaquesCOVID‐19SARS‐Cov‐2 infection |
| spellingShingle | Aseel Awad Alsaidan Hayder M. Al‐Kuraishy Ali I. Al‐Gareeb Athanasios Alexiou Marios Papadakis Khalid Adel Alsayed Hebatallah M. Saad Gaber El‐Saber Batiha The potential role of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in acute coronary syndrome and type 2 myocardial infarction (T2MI): Intertwining spread Immunity, Inflammation and Disease acute coronary syndrome acute myocardial ischemia arrhythmias atherosclerotic plaques COVID‐19 SARS‐Cov‐2 infection |
| title | The potential role of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in acute coronary syndrome and type 2 myocardial infarction (T2MI): Intertwining spread |
| title_full | The potential role of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in acute coronary syndrome and type 2 myocardial infarction (T2MI): Intertwining spread |
| title_fullStr | The potential role of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in acute coronary syndrome and type 2 myocardial infarction (T2MI): Intertwining spread |
| title_full_unstemmed | The potential role of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in acute coronary syndrome and type 2 myocardial infarction (T2MI): Intertwining spread |
| title_short | The potential role of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in acute coronary syndrome and type 2 myocardial infarction (T2MI): Intertwining spread |
| title_sort | potential role of sars cov 2 infection in acute coronary syndrome and type 2 myocardial infarction t2mi intertwining spread |
| topic | acute coronary syndrome acute myocardial ischemia arrhythmias atherosclerotic plaques COVID‐19 SARS‐Cov‐2 infection |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/iid3.798 |
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