Antibacterial, Antiparasitic, and Cytotoxic Activities of Chemical Characterized Essential Oil of <i>Chrysopogon zizanioides</i> Roots

This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition as well as the antibacterial, antiparasitic, and cytotoxic potentialities of the Brazilian <i>Chrysopogon zizanioides</i> root essential oil (CZ-EO) In addition, CZ-EO cytotoxicity to LLCMK<sub>2</sub> adherent epitheli...

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Main Authors: Thaís A. S. Oliveira, Tatiana M. Vieira, Viviane R. Esperandim, Carlos H. G. Martins, Lizandra G. Magalhães, Mayker L. D. Miranda, Antônio E. M. Crotti
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Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2022-08-01
Series:Pharmaceuticals
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/15/8/967
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author Thaís A. S. Oliveira
Tatiana M. Vieira
Viviane R. Esperandim
Carlos H. G. Martins
Lizandra G. Magalhães
Mayker L. D. Miranda
Antônio E. M. Crotti
author_facet Thaís A. S. Oliveira
Tatiana M. Vieira
Viviane R. Esperandim
Carlos H. G. Martins
Lizandra G. Magalhães
Mayker L. D. Miranda
Antônio E. M. Crotti
author_sort Thaís A. S. Oliveira
collection DOAJ
description This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition as well as the antibacterial, antiparasitic, and cytotoxic potentialities of the Brazilian <i>Chrysopogon zizanioides</i> root essential oil (CZ-EO) In addition, CZ-EO cytotoxicity to LLCMK<sub>2</sub> adherent epithelial cells was assessed. The major compounds identified in CZ-EO were khusimol (30.0 ± 0.3%), β-eudesmol (10.8 ± 0.3%), α-muurolene (6.0 ± 0.1%), and patchouli alcohol (5.6 ± 0.2%). CZ-EO displayed optimal antibacterial activity against <i>Prevotella nigrescens</i>, <i>Fusobacterium nucleatum</i>, <i>Prevotella melaninogenica</i>, and <i>Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans</i>, with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values between 22 and 62.5 µg/mL and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) values between 22 and 400 µg/mL. CZ-EO was highly active against the <i>L. amazonensis</i> promastigote and amastigote forms (IC<sub>50</sub> = 7.20 and 16.21 µg/mL, respectively) and the <i>T. cruzi</i> trypomastigote form (IC<sub>50</sub> = 11.2 µg/mL). Moreover, CZ-EO showed moderate cytotoxicity to LLCMK<sub>2</sub> cells, with CC<sub>50</sub> = 565.4 µg/mL. These results revealed an interesting in vitro selectivity of CZ-EO toward the <i>L. amazonensis</i> promastigote and amastigote forms (Selectivity Index, SI = 78.5 and 34.8, respectively) and the <i>T. cruzi</i> trypomastigote form (SI = 50.5) compared to LLCMK<sub>2</sub> cells. These results showed the promising potential of CZ-EO for developing new antimicrobial, antileishmanial, and antitrypanosomal drugs.
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spelling doaj.art-27dc20d2a0c44149af34a0a0749fedff2023-12-02T00:08:56ZengMDPI AGPharmaceuticals1424-82472022-08-0115896710.3390/ph15080967Antibacterial, Antiparasitic, and Cytotoxic Activities of Chemical Characterized Essential Oil of <i>Chrysopogon zizanioides</i> RootsThaís A. S. Oliveira0Tatiana M. Vieira1Viviane R. Esperandim2Carlos H. G. Martins3Lizandra G. Magalhães4Mayker L. D. Miranda5Antônio E. M. Crotti6Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Phylosophy, Sciences, and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, BrazilDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Phylosophy, Sciences, and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, BrazilUniversity of Franca, Av. Dr. Armando Salles Oliveira, 201—Parque Universitário, Franca 14404-600, SP, BrazilInstitute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Rua Ceará, 1720, Umuarama, Uberlândia 38402-018, MG, BrazilUniversity of Franca, Av. Dr. Armando Salles Oliveira, 201—Parque Universitário, Franca 14404-600, SP, BrazilFederal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology of Triângulo Mineiro, Campus Uberlândia, Centro, Rua Blanche Galassi, 150, Morada da Colina, Uberlândia 38411-104, MG, BrazilDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Phylosophy, Sciences, and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, BrazilThis study aimed to investigate the chemical composition as well as the antibacterial, antiparasitic, and cytotoxic potentialities of the Brazilian <i>Chrysopogon zizanioides</i> root essential oil (CZ-EO) In addition, CZ-EO cytotoxicity to LLCMK<sub>2</sub> adherent epithelial cells was assessed. The major compounds identified in CZ-EO were khusimol (30.0 ± 0.3%), β-eudesmol (10.8 ± 0.3%), α-muurolene (6.0 ± 0.1%), and patchouli alcohol (5.6 ± 0.2%). CZ-EO displayed optimal antibacterial activity against <i>Prevotella nigrescens</i>, <i>Fusobacterium nucleatum</i>, <i>Prevotella melaninogenica</i>, and <i>Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans</i>, with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values between 22 and 62.5 µg/mL and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) values between 22 and 400 µg/mL. CZ-EO was highly active against the <i>L. amazonensis</i> promastigote and amastigote forms (IC<sub>50</sub> = 7.20 and 16.21 µg/mL, respectively) and the <i>T. cruzi</i> trypomastigote form (IC<sub>50</sub> = 11.2 µg/mL). Moreover, CZ-EO showed moderate cytotoxicity to LLCMK<sub>2</sub> cells, with CC<sub>50</sub> = 565.4 µg/mL. These results revealed an interesting in vitro selectivity of CZ-EO toward the <i>L. amazonensis</i> promastigote and amastigote forms (Selectivity Index, SI = 78.5 and 34.8, respectively) and the <i>T. cruzi</i> trypomastigote form (SI = 50.5) compared to LLCMK<sub>2</sub> cells. These results showed the promising potential of CZ-EO for developing new antimicrobial, antileishmanial, and antitrypanosomal drugs.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/15/8/967Chrysopogon zizanioidesβ-eudesmolkhusimolLeishmania amazonensisperiodontopathogensTrypanosoma cruzi
spellingShingle Thaís A. S. Oliveira
Tatiana M. Vieira
Viviane R. Esperandim
Carlos H. G. Martins
Lizandra G. Magalhães
Mayker L. D. Miranda
Antônio E. M. Crotti
Antibacterial, Antiparasitic, and Cytotoxic Activities of Chemical Characterized Essential Oil of <i>Chrysopogon zizanioides</i> Roots
Pharmaceuticals
Chrysopogon zizanioides
β-eudesmol
khusimol
Leishmania amazonensis
periodontopathogens
Trypanosoma cruzi
title Antibacterial, Antiparasitic, and Cytotoxic Activities of Chemical Characterized Essential Oil of <i>Chrysopogon zizanioides</i> Roots
title_full Antibacterial, Antiparasitic, and Cytotoxic Activities of Chemical Characterized Essential Oil of <i>Chrysopogon zizanioides</i> Roots
title_fullStr Antibacterial, Antiparasitic, and Cytotoxic Activities of Chemical Characterized Essential Oil of <i>Chrysopogon zizanioides</i> Roots
title_full_unstemmed Antibacterial, Antiparasitic, and Cytotoxic Activities of Chemical Characterized Essential Oil of <i>Chrysopogon zizanioides</i> Roots
title_short Antibacterial, Antiparasitic, and Cytotoxic Activities of Chemical Characterized Essential Oil of <i>Chrysopogon zizanioides</i> Roots
title_sort antibacterial antiparasitic and cytotoxic activities of chemical characterized essential oil of i chrysopogon zizanioides i roots
topic Chrysopogon zizanioides
β-eudesmol
khusimol
Leishmania amazonensis
periodontopathogens
Trypanosoma cruzi
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/15/8/967
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