In Vitro Supplementation of Copper Modulates the Functional Th1/Th2 Phenotype of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Cattle
This study investigated the association of copper levels and monocyte plasticity between M1 (CD14<sup>+</sup> CD16<sup>−</sup>) and M2 (CD14<sup>−</sup> CD16<sup>++</sup>) phenotypes. Five samples of female bovine PBMCs were incubated in 0, 4, 8 and 16...
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MDPI AG
2021-09-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/9/2739 |
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| author | Michaela Bunting Bethan Challice Amanda Gibson Steven van Winden |
| author_facet | Michaela Bunting Bethan Challice Amanda Gibson Steven van Winden |
| author_sort | Michaela Bunting |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study investigated the association of copper levels and monocyte plasticity between M1 (CD14<sup>+</sup> CD16<sup>−</sup>) and M2 (CD14<sup>−</sup> CD16<sup>++</sup>) phenotypes. Five samples of female bovine PBMCs were incubated in 0, 4, 8 and 16 μM copper and stimulated (PPD-A, TLR- 2 ligand (Pam<sub>3</sub>CSK<sub>4</sub>), or media alone) before they were washed and stained for cell surface expression analysis by flow cytometry. M1 function was measured through nitric oxide production using a Griess assay. Flow cytometry analysis showed a significant reduction in viability with increased copper (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Increasing copper had a significant impact on CD14 expression (<i>p</i> = 0.026) and in cows older than 4 years copper levels positively affected CD14 expression (<i>p</i> = 0.001), whereas in animals of four years or younger, Cu did not affect the CD14 expression (<i>p</i> = 0.701 and 0.939, respectively). CD14 expression affected both CD16 expression and NO production. For CD16 expression, there was a further significant negative effect of copper levels in cows older than 4 years, NO was not affected by varying copper levels. In our small sample, monocytes in the presence of a higher copper environment showed a stronger M1 support for better cellular immunity which might contain intracellular infections more effectively. To test this, a randomised clinical trial will be required to determine whether copper supplementation could prevent progression to Johne’s disease in MAP infected cows. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:56:51Z |
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| id | doaj.art-27e6bebd2a6f4f5baafa1bf44c353ccb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:56:51Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-27e6bebd2a6f4f5baafa1bf44c353ccb2023-11-22T11:44:52ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152021-09-01119273910.3390/ani11092739In Vitro Supplementation of Copper Modulates the Functional Th1/Th2 Phenotype of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in CattleMichaela Bunting0Bethan Challice1Amanda Gibson2Steven van Winden3Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UKPathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UKPathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UKPathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UKThis study investigated the association of copper levels and monocyte plasticity between M1 (CD14<sup>+</sup> CD16<sup>−</sup>) and M2 (CD14<sup>−</sup> CD16<sup>++</sup>) phenotypes. Five samples of female bovine PBMCs were incubated in 0, 4, 8 and 16 μM copper and stimulated (PPD-A, TLR- 2 ligand (Pam<sub>3</sub>CSK<sub>4</sub>), or media alone) before they were washed and stained for cell surface expression analysis by flow cytometry. M1 function was measured through nitric oxide production using a Griess assay. Flow cytometry analysis showed a significant reduction in viability with increased copper (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Increasing copper had a significant impact on CD14 expression (<i>p</i> = 0.026) and in cows older than 4 years copper levels positively affected CD14 expression (<i>p</i> = 0.001), whereas in animals of four years or younger, Cu did not affect the CD14 expression (<i>p</i> = 0.701 and 0.939, respectively). CD14 expression affected both CD16 expression and NO production. For CD16 expression, there was a further significant negative effect of copper levels in cows older than 4 years, NO was not affected by varying copper levels. In our small sample, monocytes in the presence of a higher copper environment showed a stronger M1 support for better cellular immunity which might contain intracellular infections more effectively. To test this, a randomised clinical trial will be required to determine whether copper supplementation could prevent progression to Johne’s disease in MAP infected cows.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/9/2739cattleparatuberculosisMAPJohne’s diseasecopperPBMC |
| spellingShingle | Michaela Bunting Bethan Challice Amanda Gibson Steven van Winden In Vitro Supplementation of Copper Modulates the Functional Th1/Th2 Phenotype of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Cattle Animals cattle paratuberculosis MAP Johne’s disease copper PBMC |
| title | In Vitro Supplementation of Copper Modulates the Functional Th1/Th2 Phenotype of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Cattle |
| title_full | In Vitro Supplementation of Copper Modulates the Functional Th1/Th2 Phenotype of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Cattle |
| title_fullStr | In Vitro Supplementation of Copper Modulates the Functional Th1/Th2 Phenotype of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Cattle |
| title_full_unstemmed | In Vitro Supplementation of Copper Modulates the Functional Th1/Th2 Phenotype of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Cattle |
| title_short | In Vitro Supplementation of Copper Modulates the Functional Th1/Th2 Phenotype of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Cattle |
| title_sort | in vitro supplementation of copper modulates the functional th1 th2 phenotype of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in cattle |
| topic | cattle paratuberculosis MAP Johne’s disease copper PBMC |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/9/2739 |
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