Antibody-Electroactive Probe Conjugates Based Electrochemical Immunosensors
Suitable immobilization of a biorecognition element, such as an antigen or antibody, on a transducer surface is essential for development of sensitive and analytically reliable immunosensors. In this review, we report on (1) methods of antibody prefunctionalization using electroactive probes, (2) me...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-04-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/7/2014 |
| _version_ | 1827719328094486528 |
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| author | Mateusz Kondzior Iwona Grabowska |
| author_facet | Mateusz Kondzior Iwona Grabowska |
| author_sort | Mateusz Kondzior |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Suitable immobilization of a biorecognition element, such as an antigen or antibody, on a transducer surface is essential for development of sensitive and analytically reliable immunosensors. In this review, we report on (1) methods of antibody prefunctionalization using electroactive probes, (2) methods for immobilization of such conjugates on the surfaces of electrodes in electrochemical immunosensor construction and (3) the use of antibody-electroactive probe conjugates as bioreceptors and sensor signal generators. We focus on different strategies of antibody functionalization using the redox active probes ferrocene (Fc), anthraquinone (AQ), thionine (Thi), cobalt(III) bipyridine (Co(bpy)<sub>3</sub><sup>3+</sup>), Ru(bpy)<sub>3</sub><sup>2+</sup> and horseradish peroxidase (HRP). In addition, new possibilities for antibody functionalization based on bioconjugation techniques are presented. We discuss strategies of specific, quantitative antigen detection based on (i) a sandwich format and (ii) a direct signal generation scheme. Further, the integration of different nanomaterials in the construction of these immunosensors is presented. Lastly, we report the use of a redox probe strategy in multiplexed analyte detection. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:41:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-27e7afb569b64592a3eb5ba6176f8d02 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:41:42Z |
| publishDate | 2020-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-27e7afb569b64592a3eb5ba6176f8d022023-11-19T20:38:29ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202020-04-01207201410.3390/s20072014Antibody-Electroactive Probe Conjugates Based Electrochemical ImmunosensorsMateusz Kondzior0Iwona Grabowska1Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, PolandInstitute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, PolandSuitable immobilization of a biorecognition element, such as an antigen or antibody, on a transducer surface is essential for development of sensitive and analytically reliable immunosensors. In this review, we report on (1) methods of antibody prefunctionalization using electroactive probes, (2) methods for immobilization of such conjugates on the surfaces of electrodes in electrochemical immunosensor construction and (3) the use of antibody-electroactive probe conjugates as bioreceptors and sensor signal generators. We focus on different strategies of antibody functionalization using the redox active probes ferrocene (Fc), anthraquinone (AQ), thionine (Thi), cobalt(III) bipyridine (Co(bpy)<sub>3</sub><sup>3+</sup>), Ru(bpy)<sub>3</sub><sup>2+</sup> and horseradish peroxidase (HRP). In addition, new possibilities for antibody functionalization based on bioconjugation techniques are presented. We discuss strategies of specific, quantitative antigen detection based on (i) a sandwich format and (ii) a direct signal generation scheme. Further, the integration of different nanomaterials in the construction of these immunosensors is presented. Lastly, we report the use of a redox probe strategy in multiplexed analyte detection.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/7/2014immunosensorselectrochemistryconjugation of antibodiesredox active probesnanomaterialssimultaneous multi-analyte detection |
| spellingShingle | Mateusz Kondzior Iwona Grabowska Antibody-Electroactive Probe Conjugates Based Electrochemical Immunosensors Sensors immunosensors electrochemistry conjugation of antibodies redox active probes nanomaterials simultaneous multi-analyte detection |
| title | Antibody-Electroactive Probe Conjugates Based Electrochemical Immunosensors |
| title_full | Antibody-Electroactive Probe Conjugates Based Electrochemical Immunosensors |
| title_fullStr | Antibody-Electroactive Probe Conjugates Based Electrochemical Immunosensors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antibody-Electroactive Probe Conjugates Based Electrochemical Immunosensors |
| title_short | Antibody-Electroactive Probe Conjugates Based Electrochemical Immunosensors |
| title_sort | antibody electroactive probe conjugates based electrochemical immunosensors |
| topic | immunosensors electrochemistry conjugation of antibodies redox active probes nanomaterials simultaneous multi-analyte detection |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/7/2014 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mateuszkondzior antibodyelectroactiveprobeconjugatesbasedelectrochemicalimmunosensors AT iwonagrabowska antibodyelectroactiveprobeconjugatesbasedelectrochemicalimmunosensors |