A Self-Consistent Return Stroke Model That Includes the Effect of the Ground Conductivity at the Strike Point
A current generation type return stroke model which can take into account the possible modifications of the return stroke properties by the soil conductivity at the strike point of the lightning flash is introduced. The model is also capable of incorporating the reflection of the current at the grou...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Atmosphere |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/4/593 |
| _version_ | 1827621758339907584 |
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| author | Vernon Cooray Marcos Rubinstein Farhad Rachidi |
| author_facet | Vernon Cooray Marcos Rubinstein Farhad Rachidi |
| author_sort | Vernon Cooray |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A current generation type return stroke model which can take into account the possible modifications of the return stroke properties by the soil conductivity at the strike point of the lightning flash is introduced. The model is also capable of incorporating the reflection of the current at the ground end of the return stroke channel. In this paper, this return stroke model is used to investigate (a) the effect of the ground conductivity at the strike point on the source electromagnetic fields generated by return strokes and (b) the effect of current reflection at ground level on the electromagnetic field generated by return strokes. The source electromagnetic fields are the electromagnetic fields generated by lightning flashes calculated in such a way that they are not distorted by propagation effects. The results obtained show that the ground conductivity at the strike point does not significantly influence the return stroke current peak or the radiation field peak for ground conductivities higher than about 0.001 S/m. However, strike points with very poor conductivities (lower than 0.001 S/m) would result in a decrease of the peak electric field. In contrast to the peak values of the lightning current and the electric field, the peak values of the time derivatives of the lightning current and electric field are significantly reduced when the strike point of the lightning flash is located over a finitely conducting ground. The inclusion of the current reflection at ground level influences significantly the saturation of the close electric fields. The current reflection also gives rise to residual electric fields, a difference in the field levels generated by the dart leader and the return stroke. The residual field decreases as the fraction of the reflected current decreases. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:09:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-27efeb0cbd9b457fad92b68a7e35cc1e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:09:50Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-27efeb0cbd9b457fad92b68a7e35cc1e2023-12-01T00:47:11ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332022-04-0113459310.3390/atmos13040593A Self-Consistent Return Stroke Model That Includes the Effect of the Ground Conductivity at the Strike PointVernon Cooray0Marcos Rubinstein1Farhad Rachidi2Department of Electrical Engineering, Uppsala University, 752 37 Uppsala, SwedenHEIG-VD—Haute Ecole d’Ingénierie et de Gestion du Canton de Vaud, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, 1401 Yverdon-les-Bains, SwitzerlandElectromagnetic Compatibility Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, SwitzerlandA current generation type return stroke model which can take into account the possible modifications of the return stroke properties by the soil conductivity at the strike point of the lightning flash is introduced. The model is also capable of incorporating the reflection of the current at the ground end of the return stroke channel. In this paper, this return stroke model is used to investigate (a) the effect of the ground conductivity at the strike point on the source electromagnetic fields generated by return strokes and (b) the effect of current reflection at ground level on the electromagnetic field generated by return strokes. The source electromagnetic fields are the electromagnetic fields generated by lightning flashes calculated in such a way that they are not distorted by propagation effects. The results obtained show that the ground conductivity at the strike point does not significantly influence the return stroke current peak or the radiation field peak for ground conductivities higher than about 0.001 S/m. However, strike points with very poor conductivities (lower than 0.001 S/m) would result in a decrease of the peak electric field. In contrast to the peak values of the lightning current and the electric field, the peak values of the time derivatives of the lightning current and electric field are significantly reduced when the strike point of the lightning flash is located over a finitely conducting ground. The inclusion of the current reflection at ground level influences significantly the saturation of the close electric fields. The current reflection also gives rise to residual electric fields, a difference in the field levels generated by the dart leader and the return stroke. The residual field decreases as the fraction of the reflected current decreases.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/4/593lightningreturn strokestepped leaderdart leaderreturn stroke modelscurrent reflection |
| spellingShingle | Vernon Cooray Marcos Rubinstein Farhad Rachidi A Self-Consistent Return Stroke Model That Includes the Effect of the Ground Conductivity at the Strike Point Atmosphere lightning return stroke stepped leader dart leader return stroke models current reflection |
| title | A Self-Consistent Return Stroke Model That Includes the Effect of the Ground Conductivity at the Strike Point |
| title_full | A Self-Consistent Return Stroke Model That Includes the Effect of the Ground Conductivity at the Strike Point |
| title_fullStr | A Self-Consistent Return Stroke Model That Includes the Effect of the Ground Conductivity at the Strike Point |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Self-Consistent Return Stroke Model That Includes the Effect of the Ground Conductivity at the Strike Point |
| title_short | A Self-Consistent Return Stroke Model That Includes the Effect of the Ground Conductivity at the Strike Point |
| title_sort | self consistent return stroke model that includes the effect of the ground conductivity at the strike point |
| topic | lightning return stroke stepped leader dart leader return stroke models current reflection |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/4/593 |
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