Shape Memory Polymer Foams with Phenolic Acid-Based Antioxidant Properties
Phenolic acids (PAs) are natural antioxidant agents in the plant kingdom that are part of the human diet. The introduction of naturally occurring PAs into the network of synthetic shape memory polymer (SMP) polyurethane (PU) foams during foam fabrication can impart antioxidant properties to the resu...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/6/1105 |
| _version_ | 1797490523824455680 |
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| author | Changling Du David Anthony Fikhman Mary Beth Browning Monroe |
| author_facet | Changling Du David Anthony Fikhman Mary Beth Browning Monroe |
| author_sort | Changling Du |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Phenolic acids (PAs) are natural antioxidant agents in the plant kingdom that are part of the human diet. The introduction of naturally occurring PAs into the network of synthetic shape memory polymer (SMP) polyurethane (PU) foams during foam fabrication can impart antioxidant properties to the resulting scaffolds. In previous work, PA-containing SMP foams were synthesized to provide materials that retained the desirable shape memory properties of SMP PU foams with additional antimicrobial properties that were derived from PAs. Here, we explore the impact of PA incorporation on SMP foam antioxidant properties. We investigated the antioxidant effects of PA-containing SMP foams in terms of in vitro oxidative degradation resistance and cellular antioxidant activity. The PA foams showed surprising variability; p-coumaric acid (PCA)-based SMP foams exhibited the most potent antioxidant properties in terms of slowing oxidative degradation in H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. However, PCA foams did not effectively reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in short-term cellular assays. Vanillic acid (VA)- and ferulic acid (FA)-based SMP foams slowed oxidative degradation in H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> to lesser extents than the PCA foams, but they demonstrated higher capabilities for scavenging ROS to alter cellular activity. All PA foams exhibited a continuous release of PAs over two weeks. Based on these results, we hypothesize that PAs must be released from SMP foams to provide adequate antioxidant properties; slower release may enable higher resistance to long-term oxidative degradation, and faster release may result in higher cellular antioxidant effects. Overall, PCA, VA, and FA foams provide a new tool for tuning oxidative degradation rates and extending potential foam lifetime in the wound. VA and FA foams induced cellular antioxidant activity that could help promote wound healing by scavenging ROS and protecting cells. This work could contribute a wound dressing material that safely releases antimicrobial and antioxidant PAs into the wound at a continuous rate to ideally improve healing outcomes. Furthermore, this methodology could be applied to other oxidatively degradable biomaterial systems to enhance control over degradation rates and to provide multifunctional scaffolds for healing. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:34:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-27f48ace92ba4521a98681ce79c4ab15 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:34:12Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj.art-27f48ace92ba4521a98681ce79c4ab152023-11-23T15:19:40ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212022-06-01116110510.3390/antiox11061105Shape Memory Polymer Foams with Phenolic Acid-Based Antioxidant PropertiesChangling Du0David Anthony Fikhman1Mary Beth Browning Monroe2Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USABiomedical and Chemical Engineering, BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USABiomedical and Chemical Engineering, BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USAPhenolic acids (PAs) are natural antioxidant agents in the plant kingdom that are part of the human diet. The introduction of naturally occurring PAs into the network of synthetic shape memory polymer (SMP) polyurethane (PU) foams during foam fabrication can impart antioxidant properties to the resulting scaffolds. In previous work, PA-containing SMP foams were synthesized to provide materials that retained the desirable shape memory properties of SMP PU foams with additional antimicrobial properties that were derived from PAs. Here, we explore the impact of PA incorporation on SMP foam antioxidant properties. We investigated the antioxidant effects of PA-containing SMP foams in terms of in vitro oxidative degradation resistance and cellular antioxidant activity. The PA foams showed surprising variability; p-coumaric acid (PCA)-based SMP foams exhibited the most potent antioxidant properties in terms of slowing oxidative degradation in H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. However, PCA foams did not effectively reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in short-term cellular assays. Vanillic acid (VA)- and ferulic acid (FA)-based SMP foams slowed oxidative degradation in H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> to lesser extents than the PCA foams, but they demonstrated higher capabilities for scavenging ROS to alter cellular activity. All PA foams exhibited a continuous release of PAs over two weeks. Based on these results, we hypothesize that PAs must be released from SMP foams to provide adequate antioxidant properties; slower release may enable higher resistance to long-term oxidative degradation, and faster release may result in higher cellular antioxidant effects. Overall, PCA, VA, and FA foams provide a new tool for tuning oxidative degradation rates and extending potential foam lifetime in the wound. VA and FA foams induced cellular antioxidant activity that could help promote wound healing by scavenging ROS and protecting cells. This work could contribute a wound dressing material that safely releases antimicrobial and antioxidant PAs into the wound at a continuous rate to ideally improve healing outcomes. Furthermore, this methodology could be applied to other oxidatively degradable biomaterial systems to enhance control over degradation rates and to provide multifunctional scaffolds for healing.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/6/1105phenolic acidsshape memory polymerpolyurethaneoxidative degradation |
| spellingShingle | Changling Du David Anthony Fikhman Mary Beth Browning Monroe Shape Memory Polymer Foams with Phenolic Acid-Based Antioxidant Properties Antioxidants phenolic acids shape memory polymer polyurethane oxidative degradation |
| title | Shape Memory Polymer Foams with Phenolic Acid-Based Antioxidant Properties |
| title_full | Shape Memory Polymer Foams with Phenolic Acid-Based Antioxidant Properties |
| title_fullStr | Shape Memory Polymer Foams with Phenolic Acid-Based Antioxidant Properties |
| title_full_unstemmed | Shape Memory Polymer Foams with Phenolic Acid-Based Antioxidant Properties |
| title_short | Shape Memory Polymer Foams with Phenolic Acid-Based Antioxidant Properties |
| title_sort | shape memory polymer foams with phenolic acid based antioxidant properties |
| topic | phenolic acids shape memory polymer polyurethane oxidative degradation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/6/1105 |
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