Techno‐economic optimization of a grid‐connected hybrid energy system considering electric and thermal load prediction
Abstract Optimal planning of hybrid energy systems has always been a considerable task. While several studies have conducted techno‐economic analysis on hybrid energy systems, most of them have neglected to consider appropriate electric and thermal load growth rates. This paper proposes an efficient...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2021-09-01
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| Series: | Energy Science & Engineering |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.906 |
| _version_ | 1818728960289144832 |
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| author | Ting Qiu Jamal Faraji |
| author_facet | Ting Qiu Jamal Faraji |
| author_sort | Ting Qiu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Optimal planning of hybrid energy systems has always been a considerable task. While several studies have conducted techno‐economic analysis on hybrid energy systems, most of them have neglected to consider appropriate electric and thermal load growth rates. This paper proposes an efficient strategy for optimizing a grid‐connected hybrid energy system considering electric and thermal load growth rates. HOMER software is used for optimizing hybrid energy systems. It uses a nonderivative optimization to recognize the system with the minimum net present cost (NPC) among hundreds of configurations. The exponential smoothing method is also used for predicting upcoming load peak values based on historical data. The proposed hybrid system includes solar photovoltaic (SPV) system, wind turbine (WT) system, converter, battery storage system (BSS), gas generator (GasGen), fuel cell (FC), fuel‐fired boiler, and resistive boiler. Unlike previous studies, electricity price growth and SPV degradation rates are considered in this study. The grid‐connected system has also been compared to the stand‐alone system to understand grid connection impacts on the optimization results. Environmental analysis has been performed to analyze the greenhouse gas emissions of each system. The effects of growth rates in thermal and electric loads and electricity price are comprehensively investigated. Neglecting load growth rates affected the financial results severely. In this condition, the NPC and COE are achieved −11 383.4 US$ and −0.02376 US$/kWh. Results indicate that the combination of WT system (15 kW), converter (10 kW), resistive, and fuel‐fired (10 kW) boilers is the most economical configuration in grid‐connected mode. The WT system plays an essential role in the electric power provision and revenues of the hybrid system. The net present cost (NPC) and the cost of energy (COE) for grid‐connected operating mode are achieved −0.0162272 US$/kWh and −5243.956 US$, respectively. For off‐grid operating mode, the NPC and COE are obtained 47 024.19 US$ and 0.1983879 US$/kWh, respectively. Thanks to the feed‐in‐tariff (FiT) policy, the proposed grid‐connected system is more economical and environmentally friendly than the stand‐alone system. In off‐grid operating mode, 63 575.45285 kg CO2 is produced, which is higher than CO2 production in the grid‐connected mode (more than 8262 kg). |
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-27f693d16f1949e5ba0077fce3418773 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2050-0505 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T22:38:17Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
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| series | Energy Science & Engineering |
| spelling | doaj.art-27f693d16f1949e5ba0077fce34187732022-12-21T21:30:01ZengWileyEnergy Science & Engineering2050-05052021-09-01991313133610.1002/ese3.906Techno‐economic optimization of a grid‐connected hybrid energy system considering electric and thermal load predictionTing Qiu0Jamal Faraji1School of Economy and Management Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute Jingdezhen ChinaEnergy Research Institute University of Kashan Kashan IranAbstract Optimal planning of hybrid energy systems has always been a considerable task. While several studies have conducted techno‐economic analysis on hybrid energy systems, most of them have neglected to consider appropriate electric and thermal load growth rates. This paper proposes an efficient strategy for optimizing a grid‐connected hybrid energy system considering electric and thermal load growth rates. HOMER software is used for optimizing hybrid energy systems. It uses a nonderivative optimization to recognize the system with the minimum net present cost (NPC) among hundreds of configurations. The exponential smoothing method is also used for predicting upcoming load peak values based on historical data. The proposed hybrid system includes solar photovoltaic (SPV) system, wind turbine (WT) system, converter, battery storage system (BSS), gas generator (GasGen), fuel cell (FC), fuel‐fired boiler, and resistive boiler. Unlike previous studies, electricity price growth and SPV degradation rates are considered in this study. The grid‐connected system has also been compared to the stand‐alone system to understand grid connection impacts on the optimization results. Environmental analysis has been performed to analyze the greenhouse gas emissions of each system. The effects of growth rates in thermal and electric loads and electricity price are comprehensively investigated. Neglecting load growth rates affected the financial results severely. In this condition, the NPC and COE are achieved −11 383.4 US$ and −0.02376 US$/kWh. Results indicate that the combination of WT system (15 kW), converter (10 kW), resistive, and fuel‐fired (10 kW) boilers is the most economical configuration in grid‐connected mode. The WT system plays an essential role in the electric power provision and revenues of the hybrid system. The net present cost (NPC) and the cost of energy (COE) for grid‐connected operating mode are achieved −0.0162272 US$/kWh and −5243.956 US$, respectively. For off‐grid operating mode, the NPC and COE are obtained 47 024.19 US$ and 0.1983879 US$/kWh, respectively. Thanks to the feed‐in‐tariff (FiT) policy, the proposed grid‐connected system is more economical and environmentally friendly than the stand‐alone system. In off‐grid operating mode, 63 575.45285 kg CO2 is produced, which is higher than CO2 production in the grid‐connected mode (more than 8262 kg).https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.906battery storage systemsload forecastingrenewable energy sourcestechno‐economic analysis |
| spellingShingle | Ting Qiu Jamal Faraji Techno‐economic optimization of a grid‐connected hybrid energy system considering electric and thermal load prediction Energy Science & Engineering battery storage systems load forecasting renewable energy sources techno‐economic analysis |
| title | Techno‐economic optimization of a grid‐connected hybrid energy system considering electric and thermal load prediction |
| title_full | Techno‐economic optimization of a grid‐connected hybrid energy system considering electric and thermal load prediction |
| title_fullStr | Techno‐economic optimization of a grid‐connected hybrid energy system considering electric and thermal load prediction |
| title_full_unstemmed | Techno‐economic optimization of a grid‐connected hybrid energy system considering electric and thermal load prediction |
| title_short | Techno‐economic optimization of a grid‐connected hybrid energy system considering electric and thermal load prediction |
| title_sort | techno economic optimization of a grid connected hybrid energy system considering electric and thermal load prediction |
| topic | battery storage systems load forecasting renewable energy sources techno‐economic analysis |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.906 |
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